Religions - Doral Academy Preparatory
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Transcript Religions - Doral Academy Preparatory
A. What is the purpose of
religion?
Religions are value systems
Involve formal or informal worship
Faith in the sacred/divine
Religions teach followers proper ethical
behavior
B. STATE RELIGIONS
Roman Catholicism
Protestantism (incl. Anglicanism)
Sunni Islam
Buddhism
Islam
Eastern Orthodoxy
Shia Islam
Conflicts along Religious Borders
Interfaith Boundaries
Boundaries between the world’s major faiths.
Intrafaith Boundaries
Boundaries within a single major faith.
Interfaith Boundary in Africa
Israel and
Palestine
C. SACRED SITES
Lakes
Trees
Caves
Rivers
Ganges
Jordan
Mountains
Ararat
Fuji
Sinai
Sacred Sites and
Pilgrimage
1. Jerusalem is sacred to 3 religions:
Judaism (Western Wall)
Christianity (Church of the Holy Sepulchre)
Islam (Dome of the Rock)
D. CLASSIFICATION:
Monotheism:
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Polytheism:
Hinduism
Japanese Shinto
1. Universalizing Religions:
Proselytizing/conversion
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
2. “Ethnic” Religions:
Territorial/cultural identification
Judaism
Hinduism
Japanese Shinto
3. “Tribal” Religions (shamanism & animism)
Religions of the World
Where are universalizing religions located?
Where are ethnic religions located?
SECULARISM
an indifference to or rejection of religion
Agnostic: Not sure
Atheist: Sure there isn’t!
Government Impact on Religion
The Soviet Union:
-
Had an official
policy of atheism
Discouraged
religious practice
Drew boundaries
for political
control that
separated ethnic
groups in small
areas
E. DISPOSAL OF THE
DEAD
Burial:
Christians, Jews, Muslims
Cremation:
Hinduism, Buddhism
HINDUISM
Oldest major world religion
(over 4,000 years old)
Religion +
Philosophical/social/economic
/artistic elements
Caste system
Dharma: Law and duty
Ahimsa: do not harm a living
being
Goal is union with Brahman,
the universal soul
BUDDHISM
Started as a Hindu reform
movement (2,600 years old)
Rejects the caste system
Founded by Prince Siddhartha Gautama
“Buddha” means enlightened one
About 300-400 million followers (India,
China, Japan, Tibet, Nepal, S.E. Asia)
Goal: Nirvana, and end to samsara
(cycle of death and rebirth)
Mahayana: Buddha is divine, emphasis on meditation
Theravada: Salvation through four noble truths, portion of life as a monk/nun
• There’s suffering, it comes from desire, you can end it, through the eightfold path
Vajrayana: Dalai Lama as reincarnated Buddha
JUDAISM
Judaism was founded about 4,000 years ago (Abraham)
over 20 million followers
Ethical Teachings: Torah and Talmud (basis for all codes for Jewish
law)
word of god (Yahweh) said to be revealed in the Torah (Old
Testament of the Bible)
Sephardim (20%)
Iberian Peninsula – expelled 15th c.
ties to North Africa & Babylonian Jews
Ashkenazim (80%)
W. & C. Europe (Poland, Lithuania, Russia)
most Jewish migrants to U.S.
Jesus
was Jewish
CHRISTIANITY
spread through the Roman Empire by
hierarchical and contagious diffusion, then to
the Americas through relocation diffusion.
Ethical system: Ten Commandments
over 1 billion Christians worldwide (most are
Roman Catholic)
denominations: Greek Orthodox, Russian
Orthodox, Protestants, Baptists, Jehovah’s
Witnesses, Methodists, Born Again, Mormons
Mormonism
Founded by Joseph Smith in 1820
Forced migrations throughout the US
Book of Mormon as literal account
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Nontrinitarian (Father, Son, Holy Ghost are all separate
beings)
Ordinances (includes baptism after death)
No alcohol/coffee/tea/tobacco
Missionary service
Polygamy (formally banned)
ISLAM
Islam: submission to the will of Allah
over 1 billion followers
World’s fastest growing religion
the prophet Mohammed said to receive the holy book of the
Q’uran from Allah (god) in about A.D. 610
Shahadah: declaring there is no god except God, Muhammad is
God's Messenger
Salat: ritual prayer five times a day
Zakat: giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor and needy
Sawm: fasting and self-control during the holy month of Ramadan
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if one is able
Islam: Sunnis and Shiites
Born of schism over Muhammad’s succession
Sunni: 75-80% of adherents
Mahdi: Muhammad’s successor yet to come
Shia: 11-12% of adherents
Mahdi: Already came but is hidden until judgment day
Separate literature (hadith-traditions)
CONFUCIANISM:
Kung Fu-tzu
Compiler of traditional wisdom
A scholar who loves comfort is not
worthy of the name.
No Churches or Clergy
Ancestor Worship
Basis for imperial Chinese
social control
TAOISM:
First taught by Lao-tsu
in 6th c. B.C.
Tao – “The Way”
happiness lies in nature
religion and philosophy
Nonaction, effortless action
JAPANESE SHINTO:
traditional religion of
Japan
worship of nature &
ancestors
Shinto – “The Way of
the Gods”
Spirits (kamis)—
family, rivers, trees,
animals, mountains,
sun, moon
Torii – ceremonial
gateway arches
http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html