Transcript 6 Religion - Doral Academy Preparatory

RELIGION
A. What is the
purpose of
Ideological
religion? Subsystem
Technological
Subsystem
 Religions are
value systems
–
Common understandings, expectations, and
objects held in high regard that unite their
members.
 Religions teach followers proper
ethical behavior
B. STATE RELIGIONS Religious and
political structures
are intertwined
Buddhism: Myanmar, Laos, Thailand
Islam: Pakistan, Iran
Russia: Russian Orthodox
Greece: Greek Orthodox
Green: Islam
Blue: Christianity
Yellow: Buddhism
Conflicts along Religious Borders
 Interfaith Boundaries
– Boundaries between the world’s major faiths.
 Intrafaith Boundaries
– Boundaries within a single major faith.
Interfaith Boundary in Africa
Partition of India
Sri Lanka
--30% Tamil (Hindu-Dravidian)
Separatist movement
--70% Sinhalese Buddhists
Armenia and Azerbaijan
Soviet Union’s divide-and-diminish plan
The Former Yugoslavia
Genocide
Ethnic Cleansing
Israel and
Palestine
C. SACRED SITES
Natural features
or religious
structures with
 Lakes  Trees
special
 Caves  Mountains significance to a
religious group.
– Arafat
 Rivers
– Ganges
– Jordan
– Fuji
– Sinai
Sacred Sites and Rituals
At Saint Declan’s Holy Well in Ardmore, Ireland
Pilgrims hang scraps of clothing as offerings
This
practice is
common
at sacred
sites in
Far Eastern
Russia
1. Jerusalem is sacred to 3 religions:
Judaism (Western Wall)
Christianity (Church of the Holy Sepulchre)
Islam (Dome of the Rock)
2. Hindu pilgrimage to Ganges River in Varanasi, India
Hindus perform
morning rituals.
Swedogon Pagodo in
Yangon, Myanmar
3. Eight hairs of
the Buddha are
preserved under
the dome (chedi)
4. The Great
Mosque at
Mecca
D. CLASSIFICATION:
 Monotheism:
1. Universalizing Religions:
– Christianity
– Islam
– Judaism
 Polytheism:
– Hinduism
– Japanese Shinto
– Christianity
– Islam
– Buddhism
2. “Ethnic” Religions:
– Judaism
– Hinduism
– Japanese Shinto
3. “Tribal” Religions (shamanism &
animism)
Religions of the World
Where are universalizing religions located?
Where are ethnic religions located?
Korea
Mali
Amazon
Sumatra
SECULARISM
 an indifference to or rejection of religion
agnostic?
atheist?
Government Impact on Religion
The Soviet
Union:
-
Had an official
policy of atheism
Discouraged
religious practice
Drew boundaries
for political
control that
separated ethnic
groups in small
areas
Armenia and Azerbaijan
Soviet Union’s divide-and-diminish plan
E. DISPOSAL OF THE DEAD
 Burial:
Christians, Jews, Muslims
 Cremation:
Hinduism, Buddhism
HINDUISM
 Oldest major world religion (over 4,000 years old)
–
–
–
–
–
religious
philosophical
social
economic
artistic
HINDUISM
 850 million to 1 billion followers
– almost all in India
– 80% of Indians are Hindu
Ethical system: dharma (conduct in this life) and karma
(conduct in previous lives)
Divine Trinity of Hindu gods:
Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer.
HINDU BELIEFS:
 No single doctrine
 No central organization
 Core beliefs:
–
–
–
–
divinity of the soul
reincarnation
unending cycle of birth and death
pilgrimages to the Ganges River
CASTE SYSTEM:
 All creatures are ranked
 Caste (birth) indicates spiritual status
– priests
– warriors
– farmers
– servants
– “untouchables” (about 20%)
HINDU TEMPLES
BUDDHISM
 Started as a Hindu reform
movement
 Founded by Prince Siddhartha
Gautama
Buddhism (2,600 years old):
 “Buddha” means enlightened one
 About 300-400 million followers (India,
China, Japan, Tibet, Nepal, S.E. Asia)
bodhi tree where Siddhartha reached
enlightenment…
pagodas–
symbolize peace
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS:
1.
Existence Involves Suffering
2.
Suffering is the Result of Desire
3.
Pain Ends When Desire is Destroyed
4. Cycle of births and deaths ended (Nirvana)
JUDAISM
 Judaism was founded about 4,000 years ago (Abraham)
 over 20 million followers
 Ethical Teachings: Torah and Talmud
 word of god (Yahweh) said to be revealed in the Torah
(Old Testament of the Bible)
Branches of Judaism:
– Sephardim (20%)
 Iberian Peninsula – expelled 15th c.
 ties to North Africa & Babylonian Jews
– Ashkenazim (80%)
 W. & C. Europe (Poland, Lithuania, Russia)
 most Jewish migrants to U.S.
ISRAEL
 Zionism –
belief in the need for an independent Jewish state in Israel.
synagogue: Jewish temple
Western Wall, Jerusalem
Jewish neighborhoods in European Cities
the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague, the Czech Republic
CHRISTIANITY
 Jesus
– was Jewish
 spread through the Roman Empire by hierarchical and contagious
diffusion
 Ethical system: Ten Commandments
 over 1 billion Christians worldwide (most are Roman Catholic)
 denominations: Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Protestants,
Baptists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Methodists, Born Again, Mormons
CHRISTIAN LANDSCAPE:
 Colonization
 Missionaries
 Immigration
ISLAM
 Islam: submission to the will of Allah
 over 1 billion followers
 world’s fastest growing religion
 the prophet Mohammed said to receive the holy book of the Koran
from Allah (god) in about A.D. 610
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM:
 belief in one god
 prayer 5 times daily facing Mecca
 month of fasting (Ramadan)
 almsgiving
 pilgrimage to Mecca
BRANCHES OF ISLAM
 Sunnis (80-85%)
 Shi’ites
– Majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Yemen
ISLAMIC LANDSCAPE:
 Mosques
CONFUCIANISM:
 K’ung Fu-tzu
– Compiler of traditional wisdom
 No Churches or Clergy
 Ancestor Worship
 Basis for imperial Chinese
social control
Confucian temple
TAOISM:
 First taught by Lao-tsu
in 6th c. B.C.
 Tao – “The Way”
– happiness lies in nature
– religion and philosophy
– deplore passion and govt.
JAPANESE SHINTO:
 traditional religion
of Japan
 worship of nature
& ancestors
 Shinto – “The Way
of the Gods”
 Spirits (kamis)—
family, rivers, trees,
animals, mountains,
sun, moon
 Torii – ceremonial
gateway arches
torii arches
 http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-ofreligion.html