Transcript The Five Major Religions - Kentucky Department of Education

The Five Major Religions
BluePrint Skill:
• Compare and contrast the tenets
of the five major world religions
(i.e., Christianity, Buddhism,
Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism).
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Christianity
Buddhism
Islam
Hinduism
Judaism
Christianity
• The early Hebrews who eventually
developed into the Jewish religion
became the foundation of
Christianity.
• Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish
boy who disagreed with some of the
Jewish principles of his day began to
profess a new way of thinking.
• This eventually led to the beginning
of the Christian religion.
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Event A: Birth of Jesus
• Roman Emperor, Augustus Caesar, ordered
a census
• Joseph & Mary have to travel 90 miles from
Nazareth to Bethlehem
• No room in the inn so forced to stay in a
stable
• Little is know of Jesus childhood
• Jesus begins his ministry @ 30 years old
after he was Baptized by John the Baptist
• Jesus goes into wilderness for 40 days
• John proclaims Jesus as the messiah, the
savior-king that Jews believed God would
send.
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Event B: Jesus’ Teachings
• Chose 12 disciples or followers
• Most important teachings were to “love God”
& “your neighbor”
• Taught in parables- simple stories that
contained important messages
• Could gain eternal life following God’s will
• Performed miracles: cured diseases,
restored sight, raised the dead, calming
storms, changing water to wine, walking on
water
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Event C: The Crucifixion &
Resurrection
• Jesus went to Jerusalem when he was 33 to
celebrate the Jewish festival of Passover
• Pharisees & Sadducees (Jewish religious
leaders) resented and feared Jesus’
popularity as a teacher
• Jewish authorities found Jesus guilty of
Blasphemy b/c he called himself the Son of
God
• They took Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the
Roman prefect, for sentencing
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Christianity
• Christianity started about 2000
years ago about the same time of
Jesus.
• The central point of Christian
belief is that God, the Father,
entered into human history as
the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and
arose as the Holy Spirit.
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Christian Philosophy
• God is the Creator of the universe.
There is one God, Who is
Three PersonsFather, Son and Holy Spirit.
• Jesus is both fully man and fully
God. He was born of the Virgin Mary
Crucified, resurrected from the dead,
and ascended to the Father.
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Christian Philosophy
• Sin and Evil are realities in our
existence.
• The Bible is the Holy Book that
records God's revelation.
• All believers are promised life
everlasting.
• The leader of Christianity was
Jesus, and the followers was his
12 disciples.
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CHRIST IMAGES-AFTER 3RD C
• MORE REALISM
• AS TEACHER
– BREAKING LOAVES
– RAISING LAZARUS
– VARIOUS MIRACLES
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CHRIST IMAGES AFTER 4TH C
BEARDED, CLOTHING STYLEMAIN
CHANGES
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• Early Christians were pacifists and
would not serve in the army
• Christians held monogamous
marriages to be sacred
• Roman officials blamed and
punished Christians for plagues,
famines, and other disasters
• Most Roman emperors continued
to persecute Christians (Nero,
Dacius, Valerian, Diocletian)
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What is Buddhism?
• Buddhism is a major world
religion, or in a better sense,
philosophy.
• It is the 4th largest religion of
the world, and has about
300,000,000 people living by
it.
• It explains the purpose of
life, injustices and inequality
around the world.
• It also helps people by
providing a way of life that
will lead to true happiness.
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Buddhism
• Founding person of Buddhism is
Siddhartha Guatama, the Buddha
• The Dalai Lama is a Buddhist monk
who remains the leader of the
Tibetans.
• Buddhism is a major religion in
China, Japan, India, and Tibet.
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What Did Buddha Teach?
• He taught the 4 Noble
truths which sum up
Buddhism religion
• He also taught the
noble eight fold path
• He taught to lead a
moral life, be mindful
and aware of thoughts
and actions and to
develop wisdom and
understanding
• He also taught the 5
precepts
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What are the Four Noble Truths?
• The first was that life is suffering
• You can’t live without death, frustration, etc.
• The second is that suffering is caused by
craving and aversion
• Getting what you want doesn’t guarantee
happiness, it deprives you of it
• The third is that suffering can be
overcome, and true happiness attained
• If we stop craving useless things, and live each day
at a time (not living in the future) we will be happy
and free.
• The fourth is that the Noble eight fold path
leads to the end of all suffering
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The Major Philosophy of Buddhism
• Love: without conditions
• Compassion: or feeling at one with
the person who is suffering
• Sympathetic Joy:Celebrate the
happiness of others, and do not
resent their good fortune.
• Impartiality: Treat everyone equally,
and do not use others for personal
gain or to win approval.
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The Major Philosophy of Buddhism
• Buddhism states that existence
is a continuing cycle of death
and rebirth called reincarnation.
• Each person's position in life is
determined by his or her
behavior in the previous life.
This is known as their "karma"
(also a Hindu belief).
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Buddhism
• Buddhism is the one of the
world's oldest universal religions
and it is the second fastest
growing religion.
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Islam
• ISLAM is the name given to the
religion preached by the prophet
Muhammad in the 600s A. D.
• Islam began in Saudi Arabia, in the
Middle East
• It has about 850 million followers,
most of them in the region north and
east of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Islam
• The holy book of Islam is
the "Koran." Muslims
believe its words to be
those of Allah himself,
spoken to Muhammad by an
angel.
• Allah, is the Islamic God.
• People who believe these
ideas are called Muslims.
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Islamic Philosophy
• Muslims learn that life on earth is a
period of testing and preparation for
the life to come.
• Angels record good and bad deeds.
• People should behave themselves and
help others, trusting in Allah's justice
and mercy for their reward.
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Islam
• Muslims pray five times daily in their
mosques (churches).
• While praying, they face the holy city
of Mecca (in Saudi-Arabia) and
sometimes kneel with faces to the
ground.
• All Muslims are required to make a
pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to
Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
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Hinduism
• HINDUISM is one of the world's
oldest religions.
• Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live
in India; large numbers reside in
Africa also.
• Hindus believe in many gods,
numbering into the thousands. They
recognize one supreme spirit called
Brahman ("the Absolute.")
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Hindu Philosophy
• Hindus believe in many gods,
numbering into the thousands.
• They recognize one supreme spirit
called Brahman (the Absolute).
• The goal of Hindus is to someday
join with Brahman.
• Until that union takes place,
believers are in a continuous
process of rebirth called
"reincarnation."
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Ganesha, Shiva, and Vishnu
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• Son of Shiva and Parvati
• Human body and an
elephant’s head with only
one short tusk
• Worshipped as the
remover of all obstacles
• Milk Miracle – Sept. 25,
1995
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Vishnu has many AVATARS
(incarnations)who appear
on earth as humans or
animals to conquer evil and
establish righteousness
7th- Rama
8th- Krishna
9th- Siddhartha Gautama
(Buddha)
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Hindu Philosophy
• At death, the Hindu's deeds (karma)
determine what the next life will be.
• Followers work to break this cycle-birth, death, re-birth-- (referred to by
writers as the "Wheel of Life") and
gain release.
• The Hindu's soul then merges with
Brahman in a condition of spiritual
perfection (moksha).
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Hinduism
• Hinduism has many sacred books,
the oldest being a series called the
"Vedas.“
• Traditional Hindu society was
divided into groups of four classes
(or varnas). This was known as the
"caste system."
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Caste or Caste System
• An inherited social system of
ranking used in India and some
Asian cultures. IN India they
include:
• Brahmins (teachers, scholars and priests),
Kshatriyas (kings and warriors)
• Vaishyas (agriculturists and traders),
• Shudras (artisans, service providers,
laborers).
• Untouchables considered impure/unclean
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•
• 4 Paths to
Salvation
• 4 Stages of
•
Life
• 4 Goals of Life •
• Caste System
•
• Puja
•
• Upanayana
Vegetarianism
“holy cow”
Arranged
Marriages
Diwali – Festival of
Lights
Ahimsa – non-violence
Yoga – philosophy and
exercise together – very
spiritual MAIN
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• Best known Hindu in world
• Fought to end
discrimination against
Indians in South Africa
• Tolerant of all religions
• Religious ideals on duty,
truth, non-violence
(ahimsa) and spiritual
liberation (moksha)
• Negotiated independence
of India in 1947
• Opposed social injustice
of Hindu society (ie.
untouchables)
• Assassinated in 1948
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Judaism
• JUDAISM is a religion of just one
people: the Jews.
• JUDAISM was the first to teach
belief in only one God. Two other
important religions developed
from Judaism: Christianity and
Islam.
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Judaism
• Jews think that God will send a
Messiah (a deliverer) to unite them
and lead them in His way.
• Christians believe that Jesus was the
Messiah. The Jewish people do not
agree; they anticipate His arrival in
the future.
• Judaism teaches that death is not the
end and that there is a world to
come.
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Judaism
• The "Torah," the first five books
of the Hebrew Bible, is the most
important Jewish scripture.
• It contains the basic laws of
Judaism.
• Another important book is the
"Talmud," serving primarily as a
guide to the civil and religious
laws of Judaism.
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Historical Overview
• Ancient Israel is part of the
history of the 3 great
monotheistic religions of the
world: Judaism, Christianity
and Islam
• Ancient Israel dates back
approximately 4000 years to the
books of the Old Testament
• Great patriarchs of Judaism:
Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Joshua
• Hebrews, Israelites, Jews,
Semites: have all undergone
persecution throughout history;
from Babylonian Captivity,
Exodus, Diaspora, Spanish
Inquisition, Holocaust
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Judaism
• The Jewish house of worship is
called a synagogue.
• Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct
services, act as interpreters of
Jewish laws, and deliver sermons.
• Today there are over 18 million
followers of Judaism scattered
throughout the world. A large
number of those people live in the
Jewish nation of Israel. Over six
million live in the United States.
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Jewish Philosophy
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God is one and unique
God is the creator
God is transcendent
God is immanent.
God is lawgiver
God is personal
We have the obligation to worship
The Torah is God's law
God is judge
The Messiah will come.
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How much have you learned?
• Let’s take a
Chalkboard
Challenge
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