Transcript The New World

American History I
Liberty, Equality & Power
When Old Worlds Collide:
Contact, Conquest &
Catastrophe
Chapter 1
Ancient Journeys to the Americas
• How many years ago did glaciers cover
much of the earth?
- Created a Land Bridge which connected
Siberia to Alaska
Bering Strait
Ancient Journeys to the Americas
A. Small numbers survived harsh winters
B. As Glaciers melted people settled
throughout the Americas
- When did people settle in South America?
Indian Settlement of America
methods of survival
• hunters & gatherers
- bison, mastodons, berries, nuts etc
- the spear point
• farming & fishing
- dugout canoes
• When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?
- permanent farm villages & civilizations
Europe in the 15th Century
• Age of Exploration
• Motives of exploration
- 3 g’s
• What made journeys possible?
- advancements
- Gutenberg’s printing press
Portuguese exploration
Spice trade of the Indies
• Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)
- What did he begin?
- Christianity & new trade opportunities
• Portuguese exploration / Africa
- set up trading forts (1471)
Portuguese exploration (continue)
• The search for an all water route to Asia
• Bartolomeu Dias/ Cape of Good Hope
• Vasco de Gama/ route to India
- May 1498- port of Calicut
- objective- “Christians & spices”
Spanish exploration:
voyages to the new world
• Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
A. Italian/ financed by Ferdinand & Isabel
1. Nina, Pinta, & the Santa Maria
2.discovery of a new world
• 3 later voyages (1493-1504)
• Death
- believed he reached India
Explorations (continue)
• John Cabot- 1498/ King Henry VII
- New England coastline
Orders from King Henry VII
“discover and investigate whatsoever
islands, countries, regions or provinces of
heathens and infidels in whatsoever part
of the world which before this time were
unknown to all Christians”
Explorations (continue)
• Pedro Cabral’s discovery of Brazil
• Amerigo Vespucci- letters of the new
world/ South America
- labeled “America”
- significance of voyage
• Irony of “New World”
Treaty of Tordesillas- 1494
Spanish Conquests
• Spanish conquests in Americas
- most powerful nation in Europe by mid16th century
Spanish Policy in New World
• Queen Isabel- policy of Encomienda
• Forced labor & starvation
• At least ½ died to disease (small pox,
typhus, measles)
- Encomienda abolished (1542)
Spanish in Asia
• Ferdinand Magellan- 1520
A. sought western route to Asia
B. How did Magellan make history?
C. landed at Philippines- fight erupts
- death of Magellan & 40 crewman
D. other ship sails around the world
E. significance of voyage
Magellan’s voyage around the
world
African slave trade
• European exploration of African coastline
• need for slaves in new world
- plantations & laborers
- labor: slaves & native Americans
• 1518- Spanish ship transports slaves to
New World (1st time)
- life on slave ship
Slave trade continue
• 10 million slaves to New World between
16th & 19th century
• It is estimated that how many slaves
were stripped from Africa?
Sorrow of slave trade
• Tragic loss for millions of Africans
- families sold into slavery
- abandoned families/ 20% children
• Justification?
A look at the Americas:
The New World
1000 BC – 1532 AD
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Mayan Civilization
The Mysterious Maya
(500 – 800s)
• Mayan power- (Yucatan) / farmers
• Religion- polytheistic
- human sacrifice- necessary/ POWs etc
- What were the Mayas the 1st to record?
- left records of activities
800- decline
A. growing pop / overuse of land
Aztecs
(1100 – 1519)
• 12th century- arrival valley of Mexico
- Aztecs were known as?
• Aztec Empire- population 4 million
- monarch- Moctezuma
- city-states- allowed freedom
- “robbers”
Aztec (continue)
• Human sacrifice
- led the way
- delay final destruction
• Pyramids- in honor of sun god
- filled with gold
- overlook cities & markets
Destruction of Aztec Civilization
• 1400 – 1519 - Aztec domination of Mex.
• Cortes- 1519, led Spanish ex. to Mexico
- received friendly welcome
- European view of Indians
- Moctezuma’s belief of Cortes
- relationship deteriorates
Destruction Aztec (continue)
• fighting erupts
- Moctezuma taken hostage
- Aztec strength/ drove Spaniards out
- Cortes regroups
- disease hits Aztec empire
- destruction of Aztec pop, temples & cities
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Incas Empire 1500
Conquest of the Incas
(1450 – 1532 CE)
Conquered western coast of South America
A. stretched 12,000 miles / roads & bridges
B. oral commands
C. ruled 12 million people (unmatched)
Fall of Incas
• Spanish arrival in central Andes
A. led by Francisco Pizarro
B. guns v. arrows
C. diseases
D. When did the Incas fall to the Spanish
forces?