Transcript Causes and Effects of the Civil War

2F=Causes and Effects of the
Civil War
North/
Union/
Blue
South/
Confederacy/
Gray
H-SS 11.1.4- Examine the effects of the Civil
War and Reconstruction and of the Industrial
revolution, including demographic shifts and
the emergence in the late nineteenth century
of the United States as a world power.
Manifest Destiny
Doctrine which stated that westward
expansion of the United States was
inevitable and a god-given right
• Economic differences
divide the agrarian South
and industrial North
Agrarian-farmers; interests
of farmers---Mooo!
The North or Union had more industrial capacity
The South or Confederate side based on agricultural export cropstobacco, cotton
• Abolitionist movement grows in the
North
• Insisted that owning another human
was morally wrong
• 2 million Americans treated as
property and forced into labor
• Slaves could be whipped or sold at any
time regardless of family ties
• Issue: Keeping a balance of
“Free” and “Slave” states as
nation grew. Why? so one side
could not change laws for or
against slavery
• 1820 Missouri Compromise
Missouri = slave
Maine = free
• Both states admitted at same
time; and the 36 30’ N Latitude
line set as divide between slave
and free territory
• In 1850 California applied to enter
as a free state
• Congress passed Compromise of
1850- it admitted California as a
free state, however, any other
new states in the territory
acquired from Mexico, would vote
and decide for themselves if they
were a free or slave state which is
Popular Sovereignty
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A book by Harriet Beecher
Stowe became a best
seller. It increased
opposition to slavery in
the North-antislavery
novel
• Violence in Kansas
• In 1854 Congress divided Nebraska
Territory into Kansas and Nebraska
• Each area would use popular sovereignty
to determine if free or slave
• Settlers rushed in to try to est. each state
as free or slave-started a shooting war
Dred Scot vs. Sandford
• Dred Scott’s master took him from a slave state to a free
state to live and work
• Scott sued him; He felt crossing the state line set him
free
• Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)-Supreme Court
decision that widened growing division over
slavery
• Issue: U.S. Constitution made slavery legal- If
the gov’t did not allow a slave owner to bring his
property (slaves) anywhere he/she wanted to
(i.e. into the Western Territories), then the gov’t
would be breaking the slave owner’s rights to his
property.
• Remember: natural rights; life, liberty, propertyJohn Locke- Dec. of Independence
• In Dred Scott-the Supreme Court ruled
that slaves had no right to sue anyone
since they were property (like being sued
by your car).
• In addition, ruled that federal gov’t did not
have power to ban slavery in any territory
and that the Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional because it deprived them
of their property w/o due process
• Election of Abraham Lincoln leads to
secession of southern states (Southern
States left the Union)
• Confederate troops fire on Fort Sumter
starting the Civil War
Civil War (1861-1865)
• Confederacy is defeated and the
Union restored
Anaconda
Plan
Total War -destroy
a country’s ability
to make war
• 13th Amendment abolished slavery
14th Amendment – Grant U.S.
citizenship to everyone born in
the U.S. & offers equal protection
under the law to all.
15th Amendment – Grants AfricanAmerican males the right to vote.
• Much of the South lies in ruins after the war
Radical Reconstruction put the South under military
rule that lasted until 1876
• African Americans in South temporarily gain political
rights
• But soon loose them once white southern power
restored