Transcript The War Begins

The War Begins
Chapter 16 Day 1
Fort Sumter - Charleston Harbor, SC
 **Union troops were in control of the Fort** – occupied it
after SC secession – lone federal outpost in SC
 Confederate troops surrounded the fort with guns and
artillery
 Lincoln resupplied the Fort
 **Confederates demanded federal troops evacuate – Major
Robert Anderson refused**
 **These shots mark the beginning of the Civil War**
“There can be no neutrals in this war,
only patriots or traitors.”
-Stephen Douglas
Who has the advantage: North & South?
Advantages & Disadvantages
North
 Population: 21 million
 2x as many railroad
tracks as South
 Much wealthier
 “The Yankees’ most
bloodthirsty
achievements consist
of harpooning
whales…”
South
 Population: 9 million (3.5
million are slaves)
 ½ as many railroad
tracks as North
 Produce ¼ of the wealth
of NY alone in all of the
South
 Many men had already
“seen action during the
Mexican War and looked
forward to more”
Tallapoosa Thrashers, Chickasaw Desperadoes, and Cherokee Lincoln Killers
“Each side thought the
other would collapse
within ninety days…”
Given what you know, who is at
the advantage?? Defend!!!
Major Leaders
Union
Confederacy
 Abe Lincoln – President
 Jefferson Davis – President
 General George B
McClellan
 General Robert E. Lee
(turned down Union)
 General Ulysses S. Grant
(kicked out of the army
originally)
 General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
**First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)**
July 21, 1861
 **The first major battle of the
Civil War – Confed. Victory**
 Fought 25 mi. outside of
Washington D.C. – along Bull
Run Creek near Manassas
junction – vital RR
 In excitement to see a “real,
live, battle” **citizens in the
area came to watch** the fight
unfold
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
July 21, 1861
 Initially, Union troops
thought they had won
 General Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson – inspired C troops
 Standing like a stone wall
 C troops reinforced – U
troops NOT reinforced
 Union retreat – C victory!
4,500 casualties
“The Southern army was
nearly as unprepared for its
victory as its foes had been
for their defeat”
”The Civil War” by Geoffrey C. Ward
War in Virginia
Lincoln was shocked at how poorly trained the
Union army was – enlisted 100,000 additional
troops to serve 3 yrs. (Army of the Potomac)
Davis was overjoyed – “we have taught them a
lesson in their invasion of the sacred soil of
Virginia”
Some thought the Confederacy had already
won the Civil War after the victory at Manassas
McClellan takes charge
 Gen. George B. McClellan (hesitant, careful, vain)
put in charge of Army of the Potomac - Union
troops in DC by Lincoln
 Brought discipline, order within the troops
 “They received him with loud shouts, by the eager
uproar…they believe in him”
Second Battle of Bull Run
August 1862
 Lincoln frustrated by McClellan’s
inaction/stupidity (in L’s opinion)
 Gen. Pope’s forces and McClellan’s
forces told to meet in Richmond
 *Before forces could meet,
Jackson attacked Pope’s Union
forces*
 Day 1: stalemate
 Day 2: many casualties
 Day 3: C victory; U retreat
 **MAJOR victory for C**
Battle of Antietam
“The bloodiest day in American History”
September 17, 1862
Activity
As a group
read the
Battle of
Antietam
Summary on
page 519
and in
article. Take
notes in
Graphic
Organizer!!
Discuss with your group:
Where did the battle of Antietam take
place?
What happened?
Who was in charge of each army?
What is significant about the battle of
Antietam?
How many casualties did each side suffer?
Union Naval Strategy
North had
most of the
US Navy’s
fleet
 Experienced
naval officers
ANACONDA
PLAN!!!!
Union Naval Strategy
The War So Far
What is the war about?
Preserving the Union
or Freeing the Slaves?
Reasons a Union victory was
Needed:
 Lincoln wanted to show
that his government was
strong and could support
the proclamation.
 Lincoln didn’t want it to
appear that his
government was weak
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=y82uZ7oX2tE
The Emancipation Problem
 Lincoln’s first challenge was
that the U.S. Constitution
did not prohibit slavery.
 Individual states could
outlaw slavery, but not the
U.S. Government.
 Lincoln used background as
a lawyer to help solve
problem
Lincoln’s solution
 How did the South view slaves?
 Property
 What happens to property that is confiscated in
war?
 The property captured (called contraband) belongs to the
army that captured it and its government.
 War became as much about preserving the Union as it was
about freeing the slaves!
The Emancipation Proclamation
 Victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln to issue it
 Military order to free slaves in states controlled by
the Confederacy
 More symbolic than practical – did not necessarily
stop slavery
 HUGE morale booster for the UNION – this is what you’re
fighting for!!
Reaction to Proclamation
Abolitionists and African Americans
rejoiced!
Slaves fled to Union camps for protections
Loss of slaves in the south crippled South’s
ability to wage war.
Opposition to the War
Grant in Charge in the West
 General Ulysses S. Grant grew impatient with
McClellan – WANTED TO BE ON THE
OFFENSIVE!
 Focus of western theater was to take control of
Mississippi River – why??
 Cut off food supply, means of communication, and
transportation.
Siege of Vicksburg
 Farragut and his Union troops
approached Vicksburg, Mississippi
 Farragut & Grant’s troops join
 GOAL= starve the city into surrender!!
 Troops began to cut off city and shell it
 Confederates surrendered; Grant
immediately sent food into the C
soldiers and civilians
 “the fate of the Confederacy was
sealed when Vicksburg fell”
“We are utterly cut
off from the world,
surrounded by a
circle of fire.”
Gettysburg Address Primary
Source
1. According to Lincoln, why is the nation fighting the Civil
War?
2. Who makes the ground Holy at the Gettysburg Cemetery?
Why?
3. “The world with little note, nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here.” What do
you think he means by this quote?
4. What is the “great task” according to Lincoln?
5. Look at the last 5 lines – what is Lincoln’s hope or goal for