Transcript The Early Years of War

Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1
 Evaluate the preparation and
strategies of both North and South at
the beginning of the Civil War
The Union
 Population:
 23 States
 22 million people
 Military Man Power:
 Outnumbered
Confederacy
 2.5: 1
The Confederacy
 Population:
 11 States
 9 million people
(including 3.5 million
slaves)
 Military Advantages
 Best Commanders
 Better Trained
 Accustomed to Outdoor
life
The Union
The Confederacy
 Resource Production
 Strategic, Psychological
 97% of firearm production
 96% of all Railroad
equipment
 Vast majority of
manufactured products
 Transportation
 More Draft Animals,
steamboats, wagons and
trains
and Tactical Advantages:
 “Home Court
Advantage”
 Defending their way of
life
 North:
 General Winfield Scott’s ANACONDA PLAN
 Starve out the South by cutting off the rivers
 Not popular, because Lincoln wanted to attack!
 Surround, Squeeze, Attack!
 South:
 Defensive Plan
 Force the North to occupy the Southern Territory
 Did not always follow this plan
 War of Attrition
 Hope for European Help
 Total War
 On War, by von
Clausewitz
 Use all manpower,
resources, capital,
and mindset to
crush your enemies
desire to exist
 AKA… The First Battle of Manassass
 Union hoped for a quick victory to end the war
 Poorly Trained Troops led by Irving McDowell
 Traveled Slowly
 Confederates Prepared and Waited
 The Engagement
 Picnickers watched the Battle
 Union appeared to be Winning
 “Stonewall” Jackson
 Union fled back to Washington
 Lincoln asked Congress for emergency measures
 New Presidential Powers
 Increase the size of the army
 Call for volunteers
 Draft
 Borrow money
 First Income Tax
 Greenbacks
 Contract for supplies and equipment
 Appoint officers
 Martial Law and Suspension the writ of habeas corpus
 Rule by Military Authorities
 Hold people in jail without filing charges
 Draft Riots
 NYC: 100+ people died
 Copperheads
 Northern Democrats
 Afraid of a flood of blacks to the North
 Promoted desertion and draft riots
Irving McDowell
1st Battle of Bull Run
Fired
George McClellan
VA Peninsula Campaign
Fired
John Pope
2nd Battle of Bull Run
Fired
George McClellan
Battle of Antietam
Fired
Ambrose Burnside
Battle of Fredricksburg
Resigned
Joseph Hooker
Battle of Chancellorsville
Fired
George C. Meade
Battle of Gettysburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Western Theatre
Replaces Halleck as
Commander of All Union
Armies
Completes the War
Southern Field Commanders: Joe Johnston, Robert E. Lee
 Preserve and Protect the Union
January, 1863
“I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by
virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-inChief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in
time of actual armed rebellion against the authority
and government of the United States, and as a fit and
necessary war measure for suppressing said
rebellion…do order and declare that all persons held
as slaves within said designated States, and parts of
States, are and henceforward shall be free…”
 Whites…
 Not far enough…
 No freedom in the Border
States
 No freedom in Union
controlled land
 Fear…
 Blacks moving North and
stealing jobs
 Black Response...
 Looked forward to freedom
at the end of the war
 Europe…
 Secured GB and France
staying out of the war