11.1Revised - dullbrownhistory
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Transcript 11.1Revised - dullbrownhistory
Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Sections 1 & 2
Evaluate the preparation and
strategies of both North and South at
the beginning of the Civil War
The Union
Population:
23 States
22 million people
Military Man Power:
Outnumbered
Confederacy
2.5: 1
The Confederacy
Population:
11 States
9 million people
(including 3.5 million
slaves)
Military Advantages
Best Commanders
Better Trained
Accustomed to Outdoor
life
The Union
The Confederacy
Resource Production
Strategic, Psychological
97% of firearm production
96% of all Railroad
equipment
Vast majority of
manufactured products
Transportation
More Draft Animals,
steamboats, wagons and
trains
and Tactical Advantages:
“Home Court
Advantage”
Defending their way of
life
North:
General Winfield Scott’s ANACONDA PLAN
Starve out the South by cutting off the rivers
Not popular, because Lincoln wanted to attack!
Surround, Squeeze, Attack!
South:
Defensive Plan
Force the North to occupy the Southern Territory
Did not always follow this plan
War of Attrition
Hope for European Help
Total War
On War, by von
Clausewitz
Use all manpower,
resources, capital,
and mindset to
crush your enemies
desire to exist
AKA… The First Battle of Manassass
Union hoped for a quick victory to end the war
Poorly Trained Troops led by Irving McDowell
Traveled Slowly
Confederates Prepared and Waited
The Engagement
Picnickers watched the Battle
Union appeared to be Winning
“Stonewall” Jackson
Union fled back to Washington
Lincoln asked Congress for emergency measures
New Presidential Powers
Increase the size of the army
Call for volunteers
Draft
Borrow money
First Income Tax
Greenbacks
Contract for supplies and equipment
Appoint officers
Martial Law and Suspension the writ of habeas corpus
Rule by Military Authorities
Hold people in jail without filing charges
Draft Riots
NYC: 100+ people died
Copperheads
Northern Democrats
Afraid of a flood of blacks to the North
Promoted desertion and draft riots
Irving McDowell
1st Battle of Bull Run
Fired
George McClellan
VA Peninsula Campaign
Fired
John Pope
2nd Battle of Bull Run
Fired
George McClellan
Battle of Antietam
Fired
Ambrose Burnside
Battle of Fredricksburg
Resigned
Joseph Hooker
Battle of Chancellorsville
Fired
George C. Meade
Battle of Gettysburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Western Theatre
Replaces Halleck as
Commander of All Union
Armies
Completes the War
Southern Field Commanders: Joe Johnston, Robert E. Lee
Preserve and Protect the Union
January, 1863
“I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by
virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-inChief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in
time of actual armed rebellion against the authority
and government of the United States, and as a fit and
necessary war measure for suppressing said
rebellion…do order and declare that all persons held
as slaves within said designated States, and parts of
States, are and henceforward shall be free…”
Whites…
Not far enough…
No freedom in the Border
States
No freedom in Union
controlled land
Fear…
Blacks moving North and
stealing jobs
Black Response...
Looked forward to freedom
at the end of the war
Europe…
Secured GB and France
staying out of the war