Transcript What caused the Civil War…

What caused
the Civil War…
So Far…What Attempts Had Been
Made to Stop the Spread of Slavery?
• Slave Trade Agreement at Constitutional
Convention
-stop slave trade 20 years after ratification of Constitution
• Northwest Ordinance 1787
-No slavery north of Ohio River
Invention of Cotton Gin
By Eli Whitney
In 1793
Before/After
Cotton Gin (invented 1793 – Eli Whitney)
BEFORE
Cotton Gin
9,000 bales
$5 million
AFTER Cotton
Gin
4,000,000 bales
$191 million
RESULT: THE DEMAND FOR SLAVES
INCREASES IN THE SOUTH
Keeping the Balance
in the Senate
Original 13 Colonies
SLAVE STATES
• Delaware
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
6
FREE STATES
• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
7
Keeping the Balance
in the Senate
Original 13 Colonies
SLAVE STATES
• Delaware
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
FREE STATES
• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
6
7
New States
•Kentucky -1792
•Vermont – 1791
•Tennessee - 1796
•Ohio – 1803
•Louisiana – 1812
•Indiana – 1816
•Mississippi – 1817
•Illinois - 1818
•Alabama - 1819
11
11
Keeping the Balance
in the Senate
SLAVE
FREE
Original 13 Colonies
AND New States
11
11
Compromise of 1820
Proposed By Henry Clay
Missouri - 1821
12
Maine - 1821
12
Keeping the Balance
in the Senate
SLAVE
FREE
Original 13 Colonies
& New States
& Compromise of 1820
12
12
•Arkansas -1836
•Michigan – 1837
•Florida – 1845
•Iowa – 1846
•Texas - 1845
•Wisconsin - 1848
15
15
1849
Would California enter as a slave
state or a free state?
What does the
Missouri
Compromise
Line do to
California?
Compromise of 1850
North gets California as free state
South gets Fugitive Slave Act
Compromise 1850
Proposed by Henry Clay
-The Great Compromiser
1. California –Free state
2. New Mexico & Utah Territorywith popular sovereignty
3. TX and New Mexico border
dispute solved (TX -$10 million)
4. NO slavery in Capital- (D.C.)
5. Fugitive Slave Law‫٭٭٭٭٭٭٭‬
Keeping the Balance
in the Senate
SLAVE
FREE
Original 13 Colonies
New States
Compromise of 1820
12
12
•Arkansas -1836
•Michigan – 1837
•Florida – 1845
•Iowa – 1846
•Texas - 1845
15
•Wisconsin - 1848
15
•California
15
16
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by
Harriet B. Stowe 1852
- rallied northern
opinion against
slavery and
turned
SLAVERY into
a moral issue.
- Result: the
Abolitionist
movement grew.
Remember One of the 7
Principles…Popular Sovereignty
-Power from the “consent of the governed”
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Kansas - Nebraska Act
1854
Overturns Missouri Compromise …
“popular sovereignty” (people vote)
on issue of slavery in Kansas and
Nebraska Territories.
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RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS
Bleeding Kansas – over 200 people died in the
fight to gain control of the slavery vote in
Kansas. Abolitionist John Brown leads attacks
in Kansas against pro-slavery settlers.
Lincoln - Douglas Debates - 1858
Lincoln made
that point that
"a House
Divided Could
Not Stand."
Series of Seven Debates
Illinois Senate Race - 1858
First Debate Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858
Second Debate Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858
Third Debate Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, 1858
Fourth Debate Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858
Fifth Debate Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, 1858
Sixth Debate Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858
Seventh Debate Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Douglas still
advocated
“Popular
Sovereignty."
Formation of Republican Party
In 1854, the
Republican Party
forms to stop the
spread of slavery.
This sent out an
alarm throughout the
Deep South!
Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was the slave of Dr. John
Emerson, a United States Army surgeon.
In 1834, Dr. Emerson took him from
Missouri to live in free territories of
Illinois and Wisconsin. After Emerson’s
death in 1843, Scott sued the doctor’s
widow for his freedom, arguing that his
residence in a free state and a free
territory made him free. The case
reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which
decided in 1857 that slaves were not
citizens!
Also decided:
Congress has no right to ban slavery in a
region
The
Great
John
Brown
Villain? Martyr? Hero?
John Brown’s Raid at
Harpers Ferry, VA
October of 1859
Election of
1860
Abe Lincoln
Stephen
Douglass
John Bell
John C.
Breckinridge
The South Secedes
December 20, 1860 - South Carolina
is the first state to secede.
March 2, 1861- Texas is the 7th state
to secede
11 states in total secede
The South
Secedes
Mississippi - January 9, 1861
Florida - January 10, 1861
Alabama - January 11, 1861
Georgia - January 19, 1861
Louisiana - January 26, 1861
The South
Secedes
March 2, 1861
Texas is the 7th
Southern state
to secede.
The South
Secedes
April 17, 1861
Virginia secedes, but
West Virginia breaks
off and stays in the
Union even though it
is a slave state!
The South
Secedes
Arkansas - May 6, 1861
Tennessee - May 7, 1861
North Carolina - May 20, 1861
The Confederate States
1. Mississippi
2. Virginia
My
3. Louisiana
Van
4. Florida
Left
5. Texas
First
6. Georgia
To
7. Tennessee
Go
8. North Carolina
To
9. Arkansas
NASA!
10. South Carolina
11. Alabama
Border States –
5 Slaves States which did not
secede from Union!
Missouri
Kentucky
West
Virginia
Maryland
Delaware
The American Civil War
1861-1865
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Abraham Lincoln
1860-1865
(Republican)
16th President
Civil
War
President
Abraham Lincoln
First Inaugural
Address Mar. 4,1861
Slavery: Lincoln stated emphatically that he
had "...no purpose, directly or indirectly, to
interfere with the institution of slavery in the
States where it exists. I believe I have no
lawful right to do so, and I have no
inclination to do so."
Use of force: Lincoln promised that there would be no
use of force against the South, unless it proved
necessary for him to fulfill his obligation to "hold,
occupy, and possess the property and places"
belonging to the federal government
Ft. Sumter, South
Carolina
April 12, 1861
First shots fired in the Civil War on April 12, 1861
Edmund
Ruffin
Fort Sumter, SC
• 1st Shots of the Civil War
• April 12, 1861
• Federal troops running out
of supplies, Lincoln sent a
supply ship
• Confederates attacked the
supply ship
Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end
the Civil War on April 9, 1865
Robert E. Lee
The
Rebels v.
Yankees
Ulysses S. Grant
The
Yankees
Rebels
General of
Confederate
Army
General of
U.S. Army
United States
(Union)
Abraham Lincoln:
Union President
Confederate States
(Rebels)
Jefferson Davis:
Confederate President
Advantages and Disadvantages
Union (North) had big advantages in almost all areas
needed to fight a war.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Industry
Men
Navy
Raw Materials
Railroads
Other Internal Improvements
Larger Population
Confederates had Best Generals/Army
Confederate Soldier – Southern Rebels
•
•
•
•
Reb
Johnny Reb
Brown Uniforms
Home made later in the
war due to shortages
Union Soldier – North -Yankees
• Yank
• Yankee
• Blue Uniform
Union Generals
• McClellan
Sherman
Grant
Confederate Generals
• Stewart
Jackson
Lee
Anaconda Plan
April 1861
Union Plan
to
blockade
all
Southern
ports.
GOAL: 1) to stop all commerce on the Mississippi
River so no cotton could be exported and no war
supplies imported (cotton for guns)
2) Strategy - to weaken South without invading it.
Nicknamed the Anaconda Plan because it would
strangle the Confederacy the way the anaconda
snake constricts its victim.
Antietam
• September 17, 1862
• Bloodiest Battle of Civil War
• Confederates' first major
invasion of the North
• Union 12,000 casualties, including 2,108 killed
• Confederate 2,700 soldiers were killed, and about 10,000 were
wounded or missing
• Inspired Lincoln to pass the
Emancipation Proclamation
•
Battle of Antietam: bloodiest battle of war …
inspired Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.
Fighting at Antietam
Abe Lincoln at Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in the
Rebel states under Union control (not border
states). Inspired African Americans to fight for
their freedom. Also, discouraged Europe (who
were leaning against slavery) from helping the
South.
Gettysburg
• Turning Point of the
Civil War
• July 1-3, 1863
• Confederates' second
and last major
invasion of the North
• Casualties Union23,000
Confederates- 25,000
• Goal of war changed
to freedom for all
July 4th, 1863
Vicksburg(U), Ms
UNION VICTORY
Gave Union control
of the Mississippi
River. Split
Confederacy in half
– western half could
not get food and
supplies to the
eastern half
Union Gains During Civil War
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Fighting at Gettysburg
Casualties at Gettysburg
1913 Veterans of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE
DEDICATIONOF THE CEMETERY AT
GETTYSBURG
Four score and seven years ago our
fathers brought forth on this continent a
new nation, conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal…
…God shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people, by
the people, for the people shall not
perish from the earth.
Sherman’s March to the Sea 1864
FROM ATLANTA
TO SAVANNAH November and December of 1864
- 200 miles of burning a 60
mile wide strip through
the South
- Goal to destroy enemy
will and logistics and end
the war as soon as
possible
- “shock and awe”
On the 26th of December, Sherman wrote to President
Lincoln: " I beg to present to you, as a Christmas gift,
the city of Savannah,”
Union Gains During Civil War
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Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end
the Civil War on April 9, 1865
The
Andersonville
Nightmare
The Andersonville Nightmare
The military prison at Andersonville was one of
the largest Confederate military prisons during
the Civil War.
During the 14 months the prison existed, more
than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined here.
Of these, almost 13,000 died here.
54th Massachusetts
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
was one of the most celebrated regiments of
black soldiers that fought in the Civil War.
Known simply as "the 54th," this regiment
became famous after the heroic, but ill-fated,
assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
The 1989 film Glory tells the story of the 54th.
Philip
Bazaar
Seaman Philip Bazaar, born in Chile, South
America, was a Navy seaman who was
awarded the United States' highest military
decoration for valor in combat — the Medal of
Honor— for having distinguished himself
during the battle for Fort Fisher during the
Civil War.
William
Carney
William Harvey Carney was an
African-American soldier during the
Civil War serving with the 54th
Massachusetts.
Carney was the first African
American to receive the Medal of
Honor.
He received the Medal Of Honor for
his actions during the CW Battle of Ft.
Wagner … saving the American flag
and planting it on the parapet despite
being wounded several times.
Habeas Corpus
Lincoln ordered the suspension of
Habeas Corpus (courts) in 1861
Lincoln said, “Must I shoot a simple-minded
soldier boy who deserts while I must not touch a
hair of a wily agitator who induces him to desert?”
- that is how Lincoln justified Habeas Corpus
Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end
the Civil War on April 9, 1865
Manpower - Available Men
Who Fought
NORTH
22 million = Total population
-11 million women
-5 million children
6 million men available to fight
3 million men fought in CW
50% of available men in the
North fought for the Union
Manpower - Available Men
Who Fought
SOUTH
10 million = Total population
- 4 million slaves
-3 million women
-1.5 million children
1.5 million men available to fight
About 1.4 million men fought in CW
90% of available men in the
South fought for the
Confederacy