Transcript Division, Reconciliation, Expansion

Division, Reconciliation,
Expansion
1850-1914
What is happening in American culture/history
that affects the literature of the period?
A LOT!
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Underground Railroad, Seceding States
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Reconstruction of the Union (1865-1870)
Continued Westward Expansion
The California Gold Rush (1849)
The Indian Wars (1860-1870)
The Second Industrial Revolution (1880 +)
Social Inequality
Literary Types
• Diaries, Speeches, Letters, Songs
• Short Stories, Novels
• Narratives
• Poems
Literary Trends and Catch Phrases
• ‘The Gilded Age’ – Mark Twain
• Regionalism- Focus on one specific
area/type of person
• Realism- Focus on mundane/everyday life
• Naturalism- social conditions, heredity and
environment shaped human character
• Spirituals
• Voice of discontent
Causes of the Civil War
1. States’ rights
- #1 reason why Lincoln was Pro-war.
- He did not believe states should be
able to secede from the Union.
2. Slavery
- Issue building since the creation of the
Union… Remember?
- North and South completely disagree?
The North- Beliefs and Background
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For a strong federal government
Slaves are PEOPLE, not property
Larger population = stronger army
Industry/factories/commerce
Better trade connections outside of U.S.
Large cities = large work force
Weapons manufacture
The South- Beliefs and Background
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For the rights of individual states
Slaves are PROPERTY, not people
½ the number of soldiers as the North
No factories or industry
Trade connections outside of US based on
agriculture
• Rural/agricultural way of life
• Fewer, smaller cities = smaller work force
• Technologically behind- cannot mass produce
weapons
Slave Spirituals
• Why did the African American slaves sing?
1. To express democratic values and community
solidarity
2. A source of inspiration and motivation
3. An expression of protest
4. As coded communication (signals, maps)
Slave Spirituals
• Many songs we know today started as
spirituals:
– Follow the Drinking Gourd
– Swing Low Sweet Chariot
– Go Down Moses
Slave Spirituals
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As we read, see if you can discover the
coded meanings of the following words:
Moses
Sweet Chariot
Pharaoh
Israelites
Egypt
Heaven
Slave Spirituals
• REFRAIN: A word, phrase, line, or group
of lines repeated at regular intervals in a
poem or song
Frederick Douglass
1818-1895
• Born a slave on a plantation in Maryland
• Received education from the wife of his master
• Escaped and began speaking at abolitionist
conventions in Massachusetts, a free state
• Some found it hard to believe he was a slave
because of how well spoken and intelligent he
was
Frederick Douglass Cont.
• He wrote his first autobiography, Narrative of the
Life of Frederick Douglass, and American Slave
• Ran to England because he was technically still
a slave and the book revealed details of who he
was.
• Freedom purchased by friends in England;
returned to U.S. a free man
• Became an advisor to Lincoln, helped women
gain voting rights, and was the U.S. minister to
Haiti
Terms and Ideas from My
Bondage and My Freedom
Nonfiction: presents and explains ideas about real people,
places, objects, and/or events
Autobiography: A piece of nonfiction in which the author
tells his or her own life story
Hyperbole: A deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
often used for comic effect. Example: ‘Give him an inch,
he’ll take a mile’
Narrative: A story told in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or
drama.They are often classified by their content or
purpose. Ex: exploration narrative, slave narrative,
personal narrative.
My Bondage My Freedom: Mini Quiz
Write short answers to the following questions:
1. How does Mrs. Auld treat Douglass at first?
2. Who is responsible for her change in attitude?
3. What does Douglass blame in general for the change?
Write ONE paragraph that answers both of the following
questions.
Both slaves and slaveholders are victims of slavery,
how?
Education was both Douglass’ salvation and frustration,
why?