Transcript Civil War PowerPoint

The American Civil War
1861-1865
Lincoln’s First Inauguration
March 4, 1861
Confederates Took Fort Sumter
April 4, 1861
Confederates Took Fort Sumter
April 4, 1861
Lincoln Calls For Volunteers
April 14, 1861
VIRGINIA SECEDED
APRIL 17, 1861
Three More States
Seceded
•Arkansas, Tennessee, and
North Carolina
•West VA seceded from VA
•Border States
•Maryland, Missouri,
Kentucky, and
Delaware
•Slave states that
remained in the Union
Resources of Each Side
Northern
• 21 states
• Over 21 million people
• Superior manufacturing and
food production
• 2/3 of country’s railroad
mileage
• Superior Civilian Leadership
Southern
• 11 states
• 9 million people
– 4 million were slaves
• Defending own soil
• Superior Military Leadership
• More accustomed to guns
and horses
• Cotton
Marching to Manassas
• July 18, 1861 – 1st battle – Bull Run –
(Manassas)
– people from DC came in carriages and had
picnics to watch the fight
Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
Union – 30,000 troops
Confederates 20,000
First Battle of Bull Run
•First Manassas
•July 21, 1861
•Attempt to capture
Richmond
•Union met with resistance
at Bull Run Creek
•Union had initial
advantage
•Confederate forces led by
Thomas Jackson turned
the tide
•Stonewall
•Union Army forced to
retreat back to Washington
Stonewall Jackson
• General Thomas Jackson CSA – gets
nickname “Stonewall”
– His troops held their position while southern
army retreated
– Inspired Confederate soldiers to keep fighting
Rebel Yell
Southerners
counter attacked
with “rebel yell”
drove back Yanks
Union line
broken and
retreat
South did not
chase
Effects of the
First Battle of Bull Run
Effects of the
First Battle of Bull Run
• Taught north it would be a long fight
• Lincoln call up 1 million man army
• Southerners felt more confident
Effects of the
First Battle of Bull Run
McClellan made General
of the Northern Army
The Anaconda Plan
•Three Pronged Union
Strategy
•Capture Richmond
•Blockade the Confederacy
•Divide the Confederacy
Union Generals
General McDowell
Fired after defeat at
Bull Run
Union Generals
General McClellan
Replaces McDowell
Naval War
Union blockaded the South
As war continued blockade became more effective
• South developed
fleet of blockade
runners to try to
continue trade
• USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
• Both were iron clad ships
• USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
• Both were iron clad ships
First fight ever between iron ships
Battle was a draw
First fight ever between iron ships
Marks the beginning of modern
naval warfare
Peninsula Campaign
McClellan (Union) led
several campaigns to
attack Richmond
Was very cautious with
his plans
General Robert E Lee used
JEB Stuart to lead cavalry
to stop McClellan
Confederates win Seven
Days Battle
Lee defeated Union Army
at 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Puts Confederates close
to Washington DC
Lee’s Invasion of North
Goals of Lee’s Invasion
•Force Lincoln to talk peace
•Farmers get to harvest food in VA
•Show Europe South can win
•South need Europe for
military and financial support
Lee’s Invasion of North
Lee plans to attack Sharpsburg, Maryland
North discovers Lee’s plan and launches a
surprise attack against the Confederates
Battle of Antietam
(Sharpsburg)
• North and South fight all day
• Antietam
– One of the Bloodiest battles of the
war
– 23,000 killed or wounded
• Antietam
– One of the Bloodiest battles of the
war
– 23,000 killed or wounded
McClellan (Union) allows
Lee and Confederates to
escape following the battle
Union Generals
General McClellan
Fired after Antietam
for not pursuing Lee
Union Generals
General Burnside
Replaces McClellan
Effects of
Antietam
Europe does not ally
with CSA
Lincoln originally
fought war only to
preserve the Union
After Antietam
Lincoln decides to
issue Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
Frees all slaves in REBELLING
states on January 1, 1863
Old South will be destroyed and
replaced with new values
Emancipation Proclamation
Why does Lincoln free slaves
in South not the North?
Emancipation Proclamation
Why does Lincoln free slaves
in South not the North?
Freeing slaves in South
seen as military action
As Commander in Chief
(head of military)
Lincoln can take
military actions
Emancipation Proclamation
Why does Lincoln free slaves
in South not the North?
Freeing slaves in South
seen as military action
Can’t free slaves in north
because of Constitution
As Commander in Chief Government can’t take
(head of military)
property without due
Lincoln can take
process
military actions
Maryland, Delaware,
Kentucky, Missouri might
secede
Black Americans Join Up
• Emancipation Proclamation
also allows blacks into US
Army
• Fought under white
commanders and had
unequal pay and duties
• Used them for support work
• 54th Massachusetts – Glory
Black Americans Join Up
• Emancipation Proclamation
also allows blacks into US
Army
• Fought under white
commanders and had
unequal pay and duties
• Used them for support work
• 54th Massachusetts – Glory
Black Americans Join Up
• Emancipation Proclamation
also allows blacks into US
Army
• Fought under white
commanders and had
unequal pay and duties
• Used them for support work
• 54th Massachusetts – Glory
Western Front
Union Army based
in Cairo Illinois
Mississippi
River
Ohio River
Union Army based
in Cairo Illinois
Union is able
to get control
over rivers
that lead into
South
War in the West
General Grant
Western Commander
US Army
War in the West
Fort Donelson
Fort Henry
Victories give US control over
Cumberland and Tennessee
Rivers
Gets US access to Deep South
Battle of Shiloh
52,000 Union Soldiers
41,000 Confederate Soldiers
Battle of Shiloh - Dead
13,000 Union Soldiers
11,000 Confederate Soldiers
• General Johnston (CSA)
killed – Beauregard
takes over
• Union wins on counter
attack by Grant
Admiral Farragut (USA) takes New Orleans
Gives control of Mississippi River to Union
except for Vicksburg Mississippi
General McClellan
Union Generals
General Burnside
General Hooker
Fired after Antietam
for not pursuing Lee
Fired after
Fredericksburg for
losing to Lee
Fired after
Chancellorsville for
losing to Lee
General McClellan
Union Generals
General Burnside
General Hooker
Fired after Antietam
for not pursuing Lee
Fired after
Fredericksburg for
losing to Lee
General Meade given
control of Union Army
Fired after
Chancellorsville for
losing to Lee
Summer 1863 Lee goes north again
--- Out of supplies
--- Wanted to force peace
Heth
Confederates attack
Buford’s Cavalry at
Cemetery Hill near
Gettysburg
Buford
Pender
Heth
Confederates attack
Buford’s Cavalry at
Cemetery Hill near
Gettysburg
Buford
Pender
Buford holds off
superior CSA forces
until Union
reinforcements arrive
Armies compete for control of high grounds
Little and Big Round Top become major objectives
Armies compete for control of high grounds
Little and Big Round Top become major objectives
Pickett’s Charge
15,000 Confederate soldiers attack
Union positions
Confederates make it to Ridge, but
are driven back
Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy
Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War
Confederates never go on the offensive again
Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy
Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War
Confederates never go on the offensive again
Meade does not pursue Lee
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a
military cemetery in Gettysburg
States that the Union is fighting to save
democracy for the World
Gettysburg Address
“It is … for us to be here dedicated to
the great task remaining before us …
that we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain --- that
this nation, under God, shall have a new
birth of freedom --- and that government
of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth”
Battle of Vicksburg
• Union wanted to
divide South at
Mississippi River
• Union had total
control except
Vicksburg MS and
New Orleans
Battle of Vicksburg
• Ulysses Grant led Union attack
against Vicksburg from river and land
Battle of Vicksburg
• Grant wins and
gets complete
control of
Mississippi for
Union
Civil War Battle Hospital
220,000 die from disease in North
Didn’t have antiseptics (anti
germ drugs) or anesthetics
(pain killers)
Doctors would perform
surgery without
anesthetics
Women in the War
• Women joined to cook and take
care of men
• Women passed as men to fight in
the war
• Women served as nurses
• Worked farms and businesses at
home
Clara Barton
Served as a
nurse during war
Created aid
society to
support soldiers
Elizabeth Blackwell
Created Soldiers Aid
Society
– Inspected health
conditions of
hospitals in war