Transcript american-nation-unit-5-chapter-16

AMERICAN NATION
UNIT 5
CHAPTER 15THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 16 TORN BY WAR
CHAPTER 17 REBUILDING THE NATION
Chapter 15
The Road to Civil War
1820-1861
• After many attempts at
compromise over the issue of
slavery, the North and South
went to war.
Chapter 16
Torn by War
1861-1865
• The Civil War between the
North and South tested the
strength of the Union.
Chapter 16 Section 1
Preparing for War
1861 pages 452-456
Objectives1. Describe how the states choose sides.
2. Identify the resources for war that each side
had.
3. Identify the leaders of each side.
Preparing for War
1861
pages 452-456
A. A Nation Divided
1. Southerners believed they had the right to
leave the Union.
2. Northerners believed they had to fight to
save the Union
Preparing for War
1861
pages 452-456
B. The Two Sides
1. The South
a. Strengths -Key to a defensive war,
hunting skills, military training
b. Weaknesses – few factories, few
railroads, few supplies, small population
* 9 million people in South (Confederacy) v.
22 million in North (Union)
Preparing for War
1861
pages 452-456
B. The Two Sides (continued)
2. The North
a. Strengthens – free citizens, factories for
supplies, food supplies, rail lines, large
Navy
b. Weaknesses – invading unfamiliar land,
needed to conquer a huge area
Preparing for War
1861
pages 452-456
C. Wartime Leaders
1. President Davis
a. Attended West Point
b. Served as an officer in Mexican War
c. Served as Secretary of War
d. Honest and courageous
e. Wasted time arguing details with advisors
Preparing for War
1861
pages 452-456
C. Wartime Leaders (continued)
2. President Lincoln
a. Little experience in military matters
b. Strong leader
c. Fine war planner
d. Sense of humor
e. Accepted criticism
Preparing for War
1861
pages 452-456
C. Wartime Leaders (continued)
3. Choosing sides
a. Stay in Union and fight their home states
b. Join Confederate forces
* When his home state of Virginia seceded, Robert
E. Lee was faced with choosing. Lee became the
commander of the Confederate Army.
Chapter 16 Section 2
The Struggle Begins
1861-1863 pages 457-462
Objectives:
1. Identify the military aims of each side.
2. Identify who won the early battles of the war.
3. Describe how the Union achieved two of its
three war aims.
The Struggle Begins
1861-1863
pages 457-462
A. Strategies for Victory
1. Union Plans
a. Blockade southern ports
b. Seize control of the Mississippi River
c. Seize Richmond, Virginia
2. Confederate Plans
The Struggle Begins
1861-1863
pages 457-462
A. Strategies for Victory (continued)
2. Confederate Plans
a. Fight a defensive war
b. Count on European money and supplies
* Confederates were confident that Europeans
would quickly recognize the South as an
independent nation.
The Struggle Begins
B. Forward to Richmond!
1. A clash of untrained troops
a. Bull Run, Virginia in July 12, 1861
b. Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’
Jackson stood his ground
2. A Union retreat
a. Union Soldiers flee The Battle of Bull Run
3. “All quiet along the Potomac.”
a. Union General McClellan cautiously prepared troops
4. A cautious move on Richmond.
a. March 1862 McClellan moves and retreats
The Struggle Begins
C. Naval Action
1. Merrimack – Confederates covered Union’s
abandoned warship with 4-inch thick iron plates
2. Monitor- Union ironclad warship
3. Union blockade held
The Struggle Begins
D. Antietam
1. General Lee takes offensive and marched
into Maryland (September 1862).
2.General McClellan is given Lee’s battle plans
and attacks.
3. The daylong battle ends with 23,000 Union
and Confederate soldiers killed or
wounded.
The Struggle Begins
E. Winning the Mississippi
1. Shiloh
a. Union General Ulysses S. Grant pushed
south to Shiloh, Tennessee (April 6, 1862).
It was the bloodiest battle!
2. The fall of Vicksburg
b. The Union Navy gained control of the
Mississippi River.
Chapter 16 Section 3
Freedom
1862- 1863 pages 463-465
Objectives:
1. Explain why Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation.
2. Describe how Union war goals changed.
3. Describe how African Americans contributed
to the Union war effort.
Freedom
1862- 1863
pages 463-465
A. “Forever Free”
1. Addressing the issue of slavery
a. Free enslaved African Americans living in
the Confederacy
2. Issuing the Proclamation
a. Emancipation* Proclamation – freeing
slaves in the Confederacy
b. Fighting to save the Union and to end slavery
*Emancipate means to set free
Freedom
1862- 1863
pages 463-465
B. African Americans in the War
1. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment
a. All black regiment
b. Secretary of War Stanton praised the
54th Regiment after the battle for Fort
Wagner in Charleston
2. Behind Confederate lines
a. Enslaved African Americans slowed down their
work.
Chapter 16 Section 4
Hardships of War
1863- 1865 pages 466-471
Objectives:
1. Describe what life was like in the Union and
confederate armies.
2. Identify problems that each side faced during
the war.
Hardships of War
1863- 1865
pages 466-471
A. The Blue and the Gray
1. The test of battle
2. Deadly weapons
3. Crude medical care
4. Prison camps
Hardships of War
1863- 1865
pages 466-471
B. Discord in the North
Copperheads – northerner who fought for the South
1. Filling in the ranks
a. bounty – payment made to men who
joined the union army
b. draft – law requiring men of a certain age to
serve in the army
2. Riots in the cities
a. habeas corpus – right to have charges filed or a hearing before
being jailed
Hardships of War
1863- 1865
pages 466-471
C. Trouble in the Confederacy
1. Opposition to the war
2. Problem collecting taxes
3. Did not fully cooperate on military matters
4. Shortage of soldiers
Hardships of War
1863- 1865
pages 466-471
D. War Boosts the Northern Economy
1. Raising money in the North
a. Tax on luxury items
b. Issued bonds
2. Rising prices
a. Printed money (greenbacks)
*inflation – a rise in prices due to an increase in amount of money in
circulation
3. An economic boost
a. Increase in demand for farm machines
*profiteers – overcharge government for war goods
Hardships of War
1863- 1865
pages 466-471
E. Hard Times in the South
1. The economy suffers
a. Money inflation
b. Cotton trade declines
2. Effects of the blockade
a. Severe shortages for civilians and soldiers
Hardships of War
1863- 1865
pages 466-471
F. Women at War
1. Soldiers and spies
a. Women dressed as men to fight
2. Nursing the wounded
a. Dorothea Dix – superintendent of nurses
for the Union
b. Clara Barton – founded American Red Cross
c. Sally Louisa Tompkins – opened Virginia hospital
Chapter 16 Section 5
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865 pages 472-477
Objectives:
1. Identify the ideals that Lincoln expressed in
the Gettysburg Address.
2. Identify the strategies that Grant used to
defeat the Confederacy.
3. Describe how the war ended.
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
A. Confederate Victories
1. Fredericksburg
a. December 1862, Union General Ambrose
Burnside v. Confederate General Lee
1. Union soldiers fought bravely
2. Confederate soldiers won
2. Chancellorsville
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
A. Confederate Victories (continued)
2. Chancellorsville (Virginia)
a. May 1863, Confederate Generals Lee and
Jackson defeat the Union soldiers
b. ‘Stonewall Jackson’ dies from friendly fire
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
B. Lee at Gettysburg (Pennsylvania)
1. Cemetery Ridge
a. July 1863, Confederate General James
Longstreet urges Lee to wait
2. Lee’s plan
a. General Lee orders Longstreet to march
south to surround the Union army
3. Pickett’s Charge
a. Pickett ordered by Lee to attack suffers heavy losses
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
C. Honoring the Dead at Gettysburg
1. November 19, 1863 Northerners honored
the 40,000 dead or wounded
2. President Lincoln attended and gave the
Gettysburg Address
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
D. Total War
1. Sheridan in the Shenandoah (Virginia)
a. Lincoln appointed General Ulysses S.
Grant as commander of Union forces
b. Grant ordered General Sheridan to destroy
2. Marching through Georgia
a. Grant ordered General William Tecumseh Sherman to
destroy Georgia
3. A type of combat
a. Grant, Sherman, Sheridan created ‘total war’
*total war - destroy food and equipment that might be useful to the enemy
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
E. Lincoln is Reelected
a. Republican President Lincoln
1. Unpopular until Sherman’s war victories
b. Democrat General George McClellan
1. Union General who fought for Lincoln yet
pledged to restore slavery
Victory at Appomattox
1862-1865
pages 472-477
F. The War Ends
1. Richmond falls
a. After a 9 month siege, Union General
Grant defeated Confederate General Lee
2. Lee surrenders
a. April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse
b. General Grant said,” The war is over. The
rebels are our countrymen again.”
Chapter 17
Rebuilding the Nation
(1864-1877)
• During Reconstruction, the South
slowly rebuilt, African Americans
gained new rights, and the United
States became united once more.