Transcript Slide Set 6 - Central Texas College

History 1301 U.S. History to 1877
Slide Set 6
Central Texas College
Fort Knox, Kentucky
Bruce A. McKain
Secession!
• 20 December 1860
South Carolina declares
itself out of the Union.
• By 1 February 1861
Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, Tennessee,
Mississippi, Louisiana,
and Texas join South
Carolina.
The Confederate States of America
President Jefferson Davis
Vice President
Alexander Stephens
Confederate States of America
• February 1861 –
Montgomery Convention
– Declare CSA
– Constitution
• Slavery recognized
• Tariffs Prohibited
• Single Six Year Presidential
Term
• Line Item Veto
• State Sovereignty
(Confederal Form of
Government)
Confederate Cabinet
March 1861 Inauguration
First Shots
• Ft Sumter
– Major Robert Anderson
commanding, called for
and promised
reinforcements.
– P.G.T. Beauregard
commanded South
Carolina forces in
Charleston.
– 4:30 a.m. 12 April 1861
Edmund Ruffin(right)fires
the first shot?
Ft Sumter
Major Robert Anderson
General P.G.T. Beauregard
Ft Sumter
The Battle
• Confederate forces fire an
almost continuous barrage
into Sumter, which limited its
return fire due to a lack of
munitions.
• Major Anderson surrenders 13
April 1861.
• During the firing of the salute
to the colors a Private is killed
when a cannon explodes. The
only casualty of the battle.
The guns of Sumter
War!
Lincoln’s Reaction to Ft Sumter
The South’s Reaction to Fort
Sumter
• Calls for 75,000 volunteers
for 90 days service to put
down the rebellion.
• Virginia, Tennessee, North
Carolina, and Arkansas join
the Confederacy.
Relative Strengths
• NORTH
– Most of Nations wealth
was in the banks of the
North.
– 20:1 Industrial advantage
in number of factories. Plus
most large factories were
in North.
– 3:1 advantage in
population.
– U.S. Navy was largely
Northern and remained
loyal.
– Most of the Railroads were
in the North.
• SOUTH
– Large territory
– Did not have to win, just
not lose.
– Home ground advantage.
– Defensive War.
– Highly qualified officers
joined the South. Plus the
South had a long tradition
of sending its sons to
military schools.
– Riding and Hunting were
part of the Southern
culture.
Army Chief of Staff
General Winfield Scott
Opposing Strategies
• North
– Quick victory
– Anaconda Plan
• General Winfield Scott’s
Plan
• Navel Blockade
• Take and Hold Mississippi
River and split South in
half.
• Hold strategic points and
wait for popular uprising,
to throw out the CSA
leadership.
Opposing Strategies
• South
– Make North quit.
– Make the war so costly
to the North, that
politicians and populace
would withdraw support
for the war.
First Manassas / Bull Run
Cub Run
Significant Battles – Bull Run /
Manassas
General Irwin McDowell
General P.G.T. Beauregard
Bull Run / Manassas – Other
Commanders
General J.E. Johnston
General Thomas J. Jackson
First Bull Run/ First Manassas
Map 1
Map 2
Bull Run / Manassas
Jackson’s Four Apostles
Jackson’s VMI Brigade
Battle of New Orleans
Captain David Farragut
New Orleans 1862
Peninsula Campaign
General George McClellan
General J.E. Johnston
Seven Pine
Seven Pines
General George McClellan
• McClellan was a
Quartermaster Officer,
known for inventing the
McClellan saddle which was
used until the last Cavalry
units were disbanded
during WWII. It is still used
by ceremonial units today.
J.E. Johnston (wounded replaced
by) General Robert E. Lee
Seven Pines
Peninsula Campaign
Seven Pines
Seven Pines – Professor Lowe uses
balloon to observe enemy
Seven Days
General George McClellan
June 26-27 1862
General Robert E. Lee
June 30 1862
Seven Days continued
July
1st
1862
Lee joined by Jackson during
battle.
2nd Bull Run / 2nd Manassas
General John Pope
General Robert E. Lee
2nd Bull Run / 2nd Manassas
Fort Donelson
Ft Henry /Ft Donalson
General H.W. Halleck
General Albert S. Johnston
FT Henry / Ft Donelson
General Don Carlos Buell
General U.S. Grant
Shiloh
Shiloh April 6-8 1862
General U.S. Grant
General Joseph Johnston
Shiloh
Shiloh Battlefield
Amputation Tent
Monitor vs. Merrimac
May 1862
USS Monitor
CSS Virginia
Antietam / Sharpsburg
Antietam / Sharpsburg
17 September 1862
General George McClellan (?)
General Robert E. Lee
Antietam / Sharpsburg
Battle Overview
0600 hrs
Antietam / Sharpsburg
0730 hrs
0900 hrs
Antietam / Sharpsburg
1000 hrs
Antietam Bridge
Emancipation Proclamation
As Drafted
As Published
54th Mass
Colonel Robert G. Shaw
Storming Ft. Wagner
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg
13 December 1862
General Ambrose Burnside
General Robert E. Lee
Fredericksburg
Battle Overview
Hooker’s Assault
Fredericksburg
Sumner Assault
Embalming Tent
Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville
5-6 May 1863
General “Fighting Joe” Hooker
General Robert E. Lee
Chancellorsville
May 1-2 1863
May 3 1863
Chancellorsville
May 4 1863
The Dictator 13” Mortar
R.I.P. Thomas J. Jackson
Jackson Died Here
Other Issues
Trent Affair- JM Mason
Trent Affair – J Siddell
Other Issues
Copperhead Pamphlet
Draft Riots
Weapons of the Civil War
USS Cairo 1862
Parrott Gun 200 pounder
Weapons of the Civil War
Lee-Enfield Rifled Musket
Spencer Carbine
Weapons of the Civil War
Gatling Gun
Mortars
Gettysburg
Gettysburg – The Campaign
Gettysburg
July 1-3 1863
General George Meade
General Robert E. Lee
Gettysburg
General John Buford
Colonel Joshua Chamberlain
Gettysburg
General J.F. Reynolds
General Oliver Otis Howard
Gettysburg
General A.P. Hill
General George Pickett
Gettysburg
General Longstreet
General John Bell Hood
Gettysburg
Confederate Dead at Devil’s Den
Confederate Prisoners
Gettysburg
Little Round Top
Union Dead at Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
The Address
Lincoln Prior to the Address
Gettysburg
Day 1
Day 2
Gettysburg
Day 3
Pickett’s Charge
Gettysburg Lee’s Retreat
Vicksburg
Vicksburg – Six week siege ends
4 July 1863
General U.S. Grant
General John C. Pemberton
Vicksburg
Phase One
Phase Two
Vicksburg
USS Eads
USS Monitor
Chickamauga
Chickamauga
September 19-20 1863
General Rosecrans
General Braxton Bragg
Chickamauga – Wilder’s Brigade
Colonel Thomas Wilder
Spencer Carbine
Battle of Chattanooga
Chattanooga
November 23-25 1863
General U.S. Grant –
Commander of the West
General Braxton Bragg
Chattanooga
The Battle
Company Kitchen
Election of 1864
Anti General McClellan Poster
March 1865 Inauguration
Electoral College Results 1864
May to June 1864
Wilderness
U.S. GrantCommander all Union Armies
General Robert E. Lee
Wilderness
May 5 1864
May 6 1864
Spotsylvania
Spotsylvania
May 10 1864
May 12 1864
Cold Harbor
Cold Harbor
June 1 1864
June 3 1864
Southern Innovation
CSS Hunley
CSS Hunley Schematic
The Hunley
The Commander Lt. Dixon
USS Housatonic
The Legend
Dixon’s Gold Piece Front
Dixon’s Gold Piece Obverse
Petersburg
Petersburg
June 1864 – April 1865
General U.S. Grant
General Robert E. Lee
Petersburg
June 21 – 22 1864
June 30 1864
Petersburg
October 27 1864
March 29-30 1865
Petersburg
April 2 1865
April 18-19 1865
Atlanta
Atlanta
July – September 1864
General William T. Sherman
General John Bell Hood
Sherman’s March
Sherman Neckties
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Appomattox Courthouse
Appomattox Courthouse
April 9 1865
General U.S. Grant
General Robert E. Lee
Appomattox
Appomattox Courthouse
Union Headquarters
Appomattox
Surrender Site
Lee Surrenders
Other Faces of the War
Clara Barton
Col. Chivington
Other Faces of the War
MaryTodd Lincoln
Allan Pinkerton
After the War
Homestead Act of 1862
• Effective 1 January 1863
– U.S. Citizen or Intended Citizen, who had never
born arms against the U.S.
– File Application
– Improve the land, living on it for five years,
erecting a 12 x 14 dwelling.
– File for Deed, small fee
Homesteading
1st Person to file – Daniel
Freeman
Homestead Application
Homesteading
Proof of Improvements
Certificate of Eligibility
Lincoln Assassinated
14 April 1865
The Scene
The Assassin- John Wilkes Booth
President Andrew Johnson
Reconstruction
Scalawags
Joseph E. Brown
Carpetbaggers
John Thomas Wilder
Reconstruction
Lincoln’s Plan
• 10% Plan – Oath of Loyalty
• Andrew Johnson wanted to
follow Lincoln’s plan.
– By end of the war Tennessee,
Arkansas, and Louisiana had
met requirements and had
been readmitted into the
Union.
Congressional Reconstruction
• Required former
Confederate states to
recognize and ratify 13th
and 14th Amendments
• Required CSA to repudiate
Confederate debt.
• Lowered state
representation.
• No Confederates in
Government.
Andrew Johnson Impeached Grant
elected 1868
1868 Electoral College Results