Transcript apush - USD 475

APUSH
Tough Term
Review
nd
2
Continental Congress
Convened in Philadelphia in 1775,
they drew up the Olive Branch
Petition, adopted the Declaration of
the Causes and Necessity for
Taking Up Arms, and signed the
Declaration of Independence.
Antietam
Union victory at the Civil War battle
allowed Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation; the
costliest battle of the war in human
casualties.
Specie Circular
Andrew Jackson decision that land
purchases must be paid for in gold
not paper money.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
U.S. justice of the Supreme Court
known for his legal decisions in
defense of freedom of speech
including his ruling on “clear and
present danger in the Schenk case;
sat on the Supreme Court from
1902-1932.
George Catlin
Self-taught romantic painter who
devoted his life to painting and
studying the Native American
tribes.
James K. Polk
President known for Manifest
Destiny. During his presidency the
U.S. gained Texas, Oregon,
California, and the Mexican Session.
House of Burgesses
1st Legislative body in Colonial
America.
John Winthrop
He became the first governor of
Massachusetts Bay colony. A
Puritan with strong religious beliefs,
he opposed democracy believing
that the colony was best governed
by a small group of skillful leaders.
John Hancock
Led the rebellion in colonial
Massachusetts along with Samuel
Adams; served as President of the
2nd Continental Congress.
Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense & the
Crisis.
Brinkmanship
John Foster Dulles made this the
foreign policy doctrine of the
Eisenhower Presidency using a
build-up of nuclear arms as a
deterrent to Soviet agression.
Shay’s Rebellion
Group of Massachusetts farmers
protested state taxes. The incident
causes concerns about the
weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation, and would lead to
the Constitutional Convention.
Missouri Compromise
Congressional Agreement that for
every free state admitted into the
union, a slave state would also be
admitted. Slavery would be
prohibited in territories north of the
o
36 30 parallel.
Rachel Carson
Wrote Silent Spring, a book that
started the modern environmental
movement.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Colonial conflict in Virginia caused
by the conflicting interest of the
settled east coast & the frontier.
Led to stronger slave codes.
Great Society
Lyndon Johnson’s program to end
poverty and promote Civil Rights in
America.
Mary Harris Jones
Irish born labor organizer who
travelled from strike to strike
helping organize workers and
drawing public attention to their
cause. Worked for the Knights of
Labor, UMW, and IWW.
Mercantilism
British imperial policy of controlling
the colonial economies to the
benefit of Great Britain by
controlling imports and exports.
Eugene Debs
President of the United Railway
Union and the Socialist Party.
Jailed for refusing to end the
Pullman Strike.
Frank Lloyd Wright
American architect who built his
buildings to blend in with their
natural surroundings.
Jacob Riis
Muckraker and photojounalist who
wrote How the Other Half Lives.
HUAC
Group that investigated the
communist infiltration of Hollywood
in the late 40’s and early 50’s,
leading to the blacklisting of many
writers and directors.
Ludlow
Strike that occurred at
Rockefeller’s Colorado mine. An
attack on the miners’ tent colony
would lead to a congressional
investigation.
Thomas Nast
Political Cartoonist who brought
down the Tweed Ring.
Watergate
Presidential Scandal that brought
about the resignation of Richard
Nixon.
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Foreign policy disaster that caused
Jimmy Carter to lose his bid for reelection in1980.
League of Nations
Woodrow Wilson’s plan to prevent
future wars; part of the 14 points.
Ida B. Wells Barnett
Founding member of the NAACP
and the leader of the Anti-lynching
Movement.
Nikita Khrushchev
Leader of the Soviet Union during
the building of the Berlin Wall and
the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Keynesian Economics
FDR’s economic philosophy that
was the basis of the New Deal;
spend during a recession.
Jonathan Edwards
Puritan leader of the Great
Awakening; “Sinners in the Hands
of an Angry God.”
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court decision that
established the principle of Judicial
Review.
Populist Party
Third party active from 1890 to 1900
that represented the needs of the
farmers.
Pinkertons
Private detectives that were hired
by owners to spy on union
organizers and act as private
armies against strikers; used at
Homestead.
Muckrakers
Progressive investigative
journalists were called this.
J.P. Morgan
Father of Wall Street who started
investment banking.
John Peter Zenger
The treason trial of this colonial
newspaper publisher helped
establish the principle of free
speech.
Henry Clay
Known as the Great Compromiser,
as Speaker of the House he guided
congressional legislation from
1811-1850. Led the passage of the
American System.
Compromise of 1877
Republicans agreed to end
reconstruction in order to have
Rutherford B. Hayes chosen
president in the disputed election
between Hayes and Tilden.
Caesar Chavez
Led the United Farm Workers Union
in the Lettuce and Grape boycott of
the late 1960’s; a major leader of
the Chicano Movement.
William Jennings Bryan
Failed 4 times to be elected
President by the Populist and
Democratic Parties. Famous for his
“Cross of Gold” speech and his
prosecution of the Scopes Trial.
Albany Plan
Ben Franklin’s proposal for the
colonies to join forces in the fight
against the French in 1754. His
“Join or Die” cartoon supported this
proposal.
Samuel Gompers
President of the AFL.
Roger Williams
Founder of Rhode Island who was
banished from Massachusetts.
Sought religious freedom.
Mark Hanna
Chairman of William McKinley’s
campaign for the presidency;
represented the Gild in Gilded Age
politics.
Wagner Act
New Deal law that recognized the
right of workers to form unions.
Stephen Douglas
He defeated Lincoln in the election
for the Illinois senate seat. Author
of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Morrill Land Act
Post Civil War legislation for sale of
western lands that set aside money
to create state agriculture colleges
such as K-State.
G.I. Bill
Post WWII program to provide low
interest government loans to
soldiers to buy homes and start
businesses; as well as fund a
college degree.
James Oglethorpe
Founder of Georgia as a haven for
debters.
SNCC
Student group formed by Diane
Nash and John Lewis after the
Nashville sit-in.
Jane Addams
Founder of Hull House.
Nicholas Biddle
President of the Bank of the U.S.
whose feud with Andrew Jackson
led to the bank’s demise.
OPA
World War II agency that controlled
rationing.
Andrew Johnson
Southern senator from Tennessee
who remained loyal to the union.
Lincoln chose him for his running
mate in 1864, and he became
President when Abe was
assassinated. Impeached by
Congress but found not guilty.
Yalta Conference
Historians believe that the gravely ill
FDR gave away too much to Stalin
at this meeting; leading to the
Communist domination of Eastern
Europe.
Seneca Falls
1st Women’s rights Convention took
place in this New York city in 1849.
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy during WWII.
Tecumseh
Shawnee chief who worked to unite
the Northwestern tribes. Killed by
William Henry Harrison at the Battle
of Thames.
Alexander Hamilton
Washington’s Secretary of Treasury
and founder of the Federalist Party.
Dorothea Dix
Antebellum reformer for the
mentally ill.
John Marshall
Greatest Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court who strengthened
the federal government in Marbury
v. Madison, Fletcher v. Peck,
Worcester v. Georgia, etc.
Writs of Assistance
Search warrant allowing British
officials to enter any building in
which smuggled goods may be; a
contributory cause of the American
Revolution.
Alice Paul
Suffragette leader of the final fight
for the passage of the 19th
Amendment.
Irreconciliables
Senators led by Robert La Follette
who were totally against the Treaty
of Versailles.
Fair Deal
Harry Truman’s domestic policy of
continuing FDR’s New Deal.
th
26
Amendment
18 year olds gained the right to
vote.
Huey Long
The “Kingfish” Governor then
Senator from Louisiana who before
he was assassinated was a major
critic of FDR; proposed the “share
the wealth program.
Harper’s Ferry
John Brown’s raid on the federal
arsenal here was part of his plot to
start a slave uprising. His capture,
trial and execution because of this
deepened the gap between the
north and the south.
Betty Friedan
Author of The Feminine Mystique
and leader of the Post WWII
women’s movement.
Manifest Destiny
Phrase coined by John L. Sullivan
that stated that it was God’s will
that America expand across the
continent.
Andrew Carnegie
Founder of U.S. Steel this noted
philanthropist was the owner of the
Homestead Steel Plant; loved to
fund libraries.
Kentucky & Virginia
Resolutions
Thomas Jefferson & James
Madison’s response to the Alien &
Sedition Acts that would come back
to haunt them because they
suggested that states had the
power to nullify a federal law.
Pentagon Papers
U.S. documents published by the
Washington Post that proved the the
U.S. government had been lying to
the American people about
Vietnam.
th
14
Amendment
Granted citizenship rights to African
Americans; also the basis for
citizens due process and privacy
rights.
Marshall Plan
Former Commander in Chief of
WWII proposed for U.S. to help
rebuild Europe to prevent the
spread of Communism.
William Allen White
World renowned Populist
newspaper editor from Emporia,
Kansas; spokesman for “Middle
America.”
Kent State
Four students were killed by the
National Guard while protesting on
campus against Nixon’s bombing of
Cambodia.
CREEP
Nixon’s reelection committee that
planned the Watergate break-in and
other illegal activities that would
lead to Nixon’s resignation.
Headright System
Colonial policy to encourage
settlement of America by offering 50
acres of land to anyone who pays
for a passage to America (for
themselves or someone else).
Lowell, Massachusetts
Location of the first major textile
mills in New England after the War
of 1812; most of the workers were
single women.
Spanish American War
U.S. acquired Guam, the Philippines
and Puerto Rico.
John Adams
One of the authors of the
Declaration of Independence, 1st
Vice-President of U.S., President of
U.S. from 1797-1800; lost bid for reelection when he kept the country
out of war with France.
Vicksburg
This city was part of the turning
point in the Civil War by giving the
union control of the Mississippi
River.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The closest the world came to
nuclear war.
Black Panthers
The most radical of the African
American Civil Rights groups,
founded by Huey Newton and Bobby
Seale; engaged in gunfights with the
police and FBI.
Stamp Act
In 1765, colonists successfully force
the British to repeal this law when
they staged a boycott.
IWW
Labor union who successfully won
several strikes including Lawrence
by their organizational skills and
handling of the press; because
some members like Big Bill
Haywood were Communist, they
were heavy targets during the Red
Scare of the 1920’s.
E.O.9981
Truman desegregated the army.
William Marcy Tweed
Corrupt political leader of New York
City during the Gilded Age whose
arrest & imprisonment was fueled
by the political cartoons of Thomas
Nast.
Omaha Platform
Populist Party position statement in
the Presidential election of 1892:
free coinage of silver, income tax, 8
hour work day, initiative,
referendum, etc.
John Dickenson
Author the Olive Branch Petition
and the Articles of Confederation;
this 2nd Continental Congress
delegate from Pennsylvania was the
only member not to sign the
Declaration of Independence.
Thaddeus Stevens
Radical Republican leader of the
House of Representatives who
along with Charles Sumner led the
fight with Andrew Johnson over
reconstruction.
Knights of Labor
Early labor union led by Terrence B.
Powderly that was the only 19th
century union to accept all races,
genders, and skills of worker;
unfairly blamed for the Haymarket
Riot.
Northwest Ordinance
Congress passed this law to define
the steps for the formation and
admission of new states to the
Union in 1787.
Election of 1932
Presidential Election that put FDR in
the presidency where he would stay
for 12 years.
Henry Kissinger
Richard Nixon’s foreign policy guru
who negotiated U.S. withdrawl from
Vietnam.
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