Transcript THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

1861-1865
songs. That night she stayed at the Willard
hotel and dreamt of a new fighting song. She
woke up and wrote it down and this song
became the “Battle Hymn of the Republic”
Howe would have assumed that the John
Brown of the song was the famous abolitionist.
But the song belonged to a young Scotsman in
the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia who
shared Brown's name.
-they would say “his soul is marching on” to
tease him
but it was catchy and many started referring to
the brown from harpers ferry when singing it
Battle hymn of the republic
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFh0oy6vI
t4&feature=related
words to the song
http://specialneedsinmusic.com/folk_song_pa
ges/battle_hymn.html
John Browns Body
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSSn3Ndd
wFQ
Fort Sumter
• Location: an island off of Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
• Occupied by Union troops
• Troops sent ships for supplies but
were fired on by Confeds
– Asked for supplies from the federal gov
•
Lincoln faced a dilemma:
– appearing as an aggressor against the South
– maintaining federal property.
•
He chose to send food but not soldiers or arms.
War Begins
• April 10, before the food arrived Pres. Davis
ordered General Beauregard to demand Fort
Sumter to surrender, if refused, take by force
– April 12, 1861 General Anderson refused
• After 34hrs of bombardment Anderson
surrendered
Lincoln declares War
• April 19, 1861, by firing on federal property,
the southern states forced Lincoln to declare
war.
• Lincoln called for volunteers to fight the
seceding states.
South Reacts to declaration of war
• Southerners saw Lincoln’s action as an
act of war. The Upper South states of
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and
Arkansas seceded and joined the
Confederacy, while the Border States(MD,
KY, Missouri, DE) remained uncommitted
to either side
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The Union and Confederacy
After the surrender of
Fort Sumter, more
states joined the
Confederacy, making it
one of the largest
democracies in the
world.
North vs. South
North Advantages
South Advantages
Almost 2/3 of the nation’s population
- 22million
More enslaved people
More industrialized
-110,000 factories
Based on farming: more cotton, rice, and
cattle
More Railroad to reduce the time and
cost of goods
-70% of railrd track by 1860
Telegraph-patented by Samuel FB Morse
in 1844
- Ran along railrd
Leadership: 7 of 8 of the nation’s military
colleges were in the South
Functioning gov’t, army, and
navy(blockades)
Military tactics: Because the South was
defending its borders, its army needed only
to repel Northern advances rather than
initiate military action.
More Money
Morale: Many Southerners were eager to
fight to preserve their way of life and their
right to self- government.
North vs. South
North Disadvantages
South Disadvantages
Would have to fight an offensive war
- long supply lines
- unfamiliar territory
Smaller pop. of 9 million
- inc. 3.5 million slaves
Not many capable military leaders
besides Ulysses S. Grant
Had to import industrialized goods;
- very little weapons production
Preparing for War Military Strategies
Union Military Strategies
Union commanders wanted a military blockade of seceded states.
They hoped to gain control of the Mississippi River.
They planned to cut the Confederacy in two, along the Mississippi
River.
Confederate War Strategies
Jefferson Davis hoped that Lincoln would let the Confederacy go in
peace.
The South planned for a war of attrition.
Tactics and Technology
Outdated muskets were replaced with more accurate rifles.
Artillery improved with the invention of shells, devices that
exploded in the air.
Artillery often fired canisters, special shells filled with bullets.
Scott’s Snake
1) blockade of the
Southern seaports
2) Take control of
the Mississippi River
3) To capture of
Richmond, VA, the
capital of the
Confederacy.
The First Battle of Bull Run
• The first major battle of the Civil War ended in a victory for the Confederacy.
– A turning point in attitudes: this war may not be as short as they thought.
• Location: Bull Run Creek-near Manassas, VA
• Union General Irvin McDowell and his poorly prepared army, men who
volunteered for 90 days) marched into VA July 16, 1861.
• Objective: Cut Rail Road tie in Manassas
• Approximately 35,000 troops were involved on each side.
• The Union suffered about 2,900 casualties, the military term for those killed,
wounded, captured, or missing in action.
• Confederate casualties were fewer than 2,000.
War in the West
1. Grant’s forces stationed in
Pudacah, KY.
- Feb 1862 went along TN river
with over 1500 troops and steam
powered gun boats.
-Took over Fort Henry and
Donelson which protected the T
and Cumberland rivers-import
water routes to the confederacy
-Grant and 42000 troops pushed
farther along the TN river to
threaten Mississippi and AL
2. Grant’s men headed to Corint
and set up in Shiloh Church whe
Confed gen Johnston and troops
fought hard. Bloodiest war
- Grant won
***Port Hudson and Vicksburg were the two major
posts standing in between the Union and splitting the
Confed in half by controlling the Mississippi
War in the East
Go to the following website and take notes on what
occurred during the Peninsular Campaign.
There will be questions you will have to answer when you
have completed this.
You will not be able to go back to this website once the
25min are up
You have 25min to take notes and 15min to answer the
questions! Good luck!!!
http://civilwaranimated.com/PeninsulaAnimatio
n.html
The Peninsular Campaign
Peninsular Campaign: While
Confeds were in Manassas Union
Commander, General McClellan had a
plan: To take his 121,500 troops by
Boat to the tip of the York-James
Peninsula by sea, then fight their way
west to Richmond.
• Initiate the Anaconda Plan:blockade
All Confed ports
• The Peninsular Campaign began in March 1862 more than seven months after McClellan took
command
The Peninsular Campaign
Confeds strike the Anaconda!
• Cautious McClellan took too long to act and
Confeds were catching up
• Confed used a damaged Union gunboat called
the USS Merimack and covered it with iron
plates.
– March 8, 1862 they launched what they called the
CSS Virginia who sinks 2 ships and runs one into
shallow water
The Peninsular Campaign
CSS Virginia Returns March 9, 1862
• The CSS Virginia is met by an odd looking ship,
the USS Monitor
• The Monitor defeats the Merrimack aka CSS
Virginia!
The Peninsular Campaign
The Monitor and the Merrimack 14min 08 sec left-19:21
Who invented the Merrimack?
Describe the Merrimack:
Who would build the Monitor?
How would the Monitor defeat the Merrimack?
The battle between the Ironclads:
Watch Ken Burns Civil War Series Episode 2
http://movies.netflix.com/WiPlayer?strkid=1884343432_20_2&trkid=496833&fdvd=true&s
trackid=6eaa3979b273eec2_20_srl&movieid=70202577#MovieId=70202577&Episode
MovieId=70135310
McClellan Sends his troops
• McClellan and his troops head to the
Peninsula while the Confederate General,
Stonewall Jackson defeats the Union troops in
Northern VA.
• Once they head up to Yorktown, McClellan
believes there are many more Confed troops
then there really are and takes time to
prepare a siege instead of acting fast
Getting close to Richmond!
• Confeds leave Yorktown to team up with Gen
Johnston’s troops and they head for Richmond with
McClellan following from behind
• Once close to Richmond both sides build fortifications
• McClellan thinks like usual he is outnumbered when
it is really 105,000 to Johnston’s 50,000-wants a war
of attrition
• Johnston knows he is outnumbered and won’t
survive so he prepares to take the offensive
The Peninsular Campaign
The Battle of Seven Pines
May 31, 1862
• Johnston’s sees McClellan’s army is split up by
the Chickahominy River
• He attacks the side with the least amount of
troops
• Plan blows up: one general sleeps in,
Johnston gets wounded, many casualities on
both sides(>1000 per side).
• This began the Seven Days Battle and the start
of the Confederates fighting an offensive war.
The Peninsular Campaign
Impact of the Battle of Seven
Pines
The Seven Days Battles
• Confederate Army led by Lee
• This began the Seven
were now fighting an
Days Battle and the start Offensive and were able to
push McClellan and his men
of the Confederates
fighting an offensive war out of the region
• McClellan retreats July 2,
• Lee takes command
1862
• Stonewall Jackson
emerges
Second Battle of Bull Run
• As McClellan’s army moves to Washington, once
retreating from the Peninsula Campaign
• General Pope is put in charge coming from
Washington and heading to Manassas.
– McClellan’s army coming from the South
• Before McClellan’s men go their, the Confeds took
control of the supplies in Manassas and defeated
Pope
• MCClellan back in charge
The South Attacks
The Battle of Antietam
• With Richmond no longer threatened, Lee’s Confederate forces invaded
the North .
• The Union army learned of General Lee’s strategy, which was to threaten
both Washington and Baltimore in order to force the Union to split
• On September 17, 1862, the two armies met at Antietam Creek near
Sharpsburg, Maryland.
• The Union forces had more than 75,000 troops, with nearly 25,000 in
reserve. The Confederate forces numbered about 40,000.
• Lee’s men retreated and McClelland did not follow
• By the day’s end, the Union casualties numbered more than 12,000. The
Confederate casualties were nearly 14,000, more than a third of the entire
army.
• The Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day of the Civil War.
Politics in the South
The Confederate Government
States’ Rights Advocates
• Called for a draft, or required military service, • Claimed that a draft violated states’
of three years for all white males 18-35 ( which
rights. Almost 25 percent of men
eventually went up to age 50)
eligible for the draft refused
• Took control of Economy:
• Resented the borrowing of slaves for
– How much would be produced and farmers would give
the army because it disrupted work on
1/10 of production to war
their plantations, even though they
– Controlled railrds
received a monthly fee
• Authorized the army to seize male slaves for
military labor
Politics in the North
The Union Government
• Shut down opposition newspapers
• Since Border States were an issue (DE, MD. Missouri, and KY) b/c they
remained apart from the Union and Lincoln needed them, he:
• Prevented Maryland’s secession by arresting all disloyal members of the
legislature
• Put Kentucky under martial law to prevent its secession. Martial law is an
emergency rule during which some guarantees under the Bill of Rights are
suspended.
• Suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which protects people from
unlawful imprisonment, to ensure loyalty to the Union
– 13,000 Americans against Amer policies were imprisoned without trial during the Civil
War
• Created a national currency, called greenbacks. This paper money was not
backed by gold, but it was declared to be acceptable as legal payment.
Emancipation and the War
• On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the final
Emancipation Proclamation.
• The Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the slaves in states
under Confederate control.
– did not bring an immediate end to slavery, it promised that enslaved people
would be free when the North won the war.
– Abolitionists felt like it didn’t go fair enough: didn’t free slaves in border states or
in Confederate areas controlled by the Union
– Fear of unemployment rose with northerners
• The most significant reaction to the proclamation came from
Europe. Europeans felt very strongly about ending slavery and
the Emancipation Proclamation ended any chance that France
and Great Britain would aid the Confederates.
2 immediate effects of the
Proclamation
• 1-Many southern slaves who heard about it freed themselves
by escaping to the protection of Union troops
• 2- Encouraged African Americans to join the army
– How would the Union protect slaves?
• Union General Butler said that slaves captured by the Union army were
contraband, it was accepted that during war, if property was seized from one side
by the enemy, then it became the enemy’s property.
–
If slaves were property then they were also contraband!
• Congress authorized Lincoln to accept African Americans into the military
after McClellan’s defeat in Virginia, July, 1862.
• By 1865, nearly 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in the Union army.
54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
• An all African American Regiment besides a few
senior officers
• Led by General Robert Shaw
• Proved to be good soldiers
• July 18. 1863 got control of Fort Wagner, which
guarded the entrance to the harbor of
Charleston, SC
– Shaw was killed and William Carney grabbed the
American flag and took lead. He was hit 3 times and
never dropped their flag.
• the first Af Amer troop to receive a Congressional Medal of
honor.
Glory-Fort Wagner Battle
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22AKunA1
_Bw&feature=related
• Denzel is Carney
The Southern Economy
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Many planters refused to grow food instead of cotton.
Due to the Union blockade, cotton piled up in warehouses
while food riots erupted in Southern cities.
Even though production increased, the South was never able
to provide all the goods its army needed.
Labor shortages and a lack of goods contributed to inflation.
Women filled many of the factory jobs.
Profiteers=people who buy a lot of something in the
beginning of the war and hold it until there was no more and
everyone had to buy it from them. They would then sell it at
a high price.
The Hardships of War
The Northern Economy
• Northern farms and factories produced almost all of the
goods needed by the army and civilian populations.
• Women filled critical jobs in factories and on farms.
• Profiteers paid women lower wages than male workers and
sold inferior products at inflated prices.
http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/11andersonvill
e/11locate1.htm
Prisons
North’s prison camps
• Captured Confederate
troops sent to prison camp
– Point Lookout in MD or Point
Chase in Ohio
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*
South’s prison camps
• Andersonville(Camp Sumter) is the
most notorious-a field in GA
• Built to hold 10,000 but held 35,000
Northerners in a fenced 26acre open
area.
• 100 prisoners died a day from
starvation or exposure to disease
• The camp’s commander, Captain Henry
Wirz, was the only Confederate to be
tried of war crimes, convicted and hung
The Hardships of War
Medical Care
• Approximately 25 percent of Civil War soldiers did not
survive the war. Disease killed many of them.
– Poor nutrition and contaminated foods led to dysentery and typhoid fever.
– Malaria and pneumonia
• A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in camp
or in a hospital than he was to be killed on the battlefield.
– 1 in 5 died at the hospital. Instrument weren’t sterilized
• Some 4,000 women served as nurses for the Union army.
By the end of the war, nursing was no longer only a man’s
profession.
The Tide of War Turns
• What was the importance of Lee’s victories at
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville?
• How did the Battles of Gettysburg and
Vicksburg turn the tide of the war?
• Why was 1863 a pivotal year?
• What is the message of the Gettysburg
Address?
Chapter 11, Section 3
Major Battles of 1863
Battle
Union Officer
Burnside
Confederate
Officer
Lee
Victor/
Why
South/Burnside crossed right in front
of Lee’s army; kept charging into
gunfire.
Fredericksburg
Chancellorsville
Hooker
Lee/Jackson
South/Lee split his army and sent
Jackson around to attack; surprised
Hooker; Jackson died after the battle.
Gettysburg
Hooker
Lee/Longstreet/
Pickett
North/General Pickett charged the
Union unsuccessfully. Confederates
lost more than a third of their troops.
Vicksburg
Grant
Pemberton
North/Union army laid siege to
Vicksburg. Confederate army
surrendered.
Chapter 11, Section 3
War in the West
Chapter 11, Section 3
The Importance of 1863
On July 4, 1863:
• 30,000 Confederate troops defending
Vicksburg laid down their arms and
surrendered.
• Former slaves celebrated Independence Day
for the first time.
• Four days later, the Mississippi River was in
the hands of the Union army, effectively
cutting the Confederacy in two.
Chapter 11, Section 3
The Gettysburg Address
• On November 19, 1863, some 15,000 people gathered
at Gettysburg to honor the Union soldiers who had
died there just four months before.
• President Lincoln delivered a two-minute speech which
became known as the Gettysburg Address.
• He reminded people that the Civil War was being
fought to preserve a country that upheld the principles
of freedom, equality, and self-government.
• The Gettysburg Address has become one of the bestloved and most-quoted speeches in the English
language. It expresses grief at the terrible cost of war
and the importance of preserving the Union.
Devastation and New Freedom
Chapter 11, Section 4
• What was General Grant’s strategy for
defeating the South, and how did he and
General Sherman implement it?
• What were the issues and results of the
election of 1864?
• How was the South finally defeated on the
battlefield?
• How and why did John Wilkes Booth
assassinate President Lincoln?
Chapter 11, Section 4
Grant Takes Command
The Battles
• In an effort to exhaust the Confederate troops, General Grant headed toward
Richmond with some 115,000 troops.
• In May and June of 1864, the Union and Confederate armies clashed in three
major battles:
– The Battle of the Wilderness began on May 5, 1864. The armies met in a
dense forest in a battle that lasted two days.
– May 8, 1864, the Confederates caught up with the Union army near
Spotsylvania Court House. The fighting that took place over nearly two
weeks is called the Battle of Spotsylvania.
– In early June, the armies clashed again at the Battle of Cold Harbor, just
eight miles from Richmond.
Chapter 11, Section 4
The Siege of Petersburg
• Unable to reach Richmond or defeat Lee’s army,
Grant moved around the capital and attacked
Petersburg.
• He knew that if he could cut off shipments of
food to Richmond, the city would have to
surrender.
• The attack on Petersburg failed, and Grant’s army
suffered some 65,000 casualties.
• Grant then turned to the tactic of siege that he
had used in Vicksburg. On June 18, 1864, Grant
began the siege of Petersburg.
Sherman Marches to the Sea
Chapter 11, Section 4
• In early September, the Confederate army was forced
to leave Atlanta.
• General Sherman vowed to “make Georgia howl.”
Sherman ordered Atlanta evacuated and burned. He
left the city in ruins.
• He led some 62,000 soldiers on a march to the sea to
capture Savannah.
• On December 21, 1864, the Union army entered
Savannah without a fight.
• Sherman’s message to Lincoln read: “I beg to present
you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah.”
Chapter 11, Section 4
The Election of 1864
Abraham Lincoln
• Republicans changed their party name
to the Union Party.
• Dropped Vice President Hannibal
Hamlin from the ticket.
• Replaced Hamlin with Andrew Johnson
of Tennessee. Johnson was a Democrat
and a pro-Union Southerner.
• Sherman’s capture of Atlanta showed
the North that victory was near.
• In November, Lincoln won an easy
victory.
George McClellan
• Democrats nominated General George
McClellan.
• McClellan was happy to oppose Lincoln,
who had twice fired him.
• McClellan was still admired and
respected by his soldiers.
• Lincoln feared that McClellan would
find wide support among the troops.
• McClellan promised that if elected he
would negotiate an end to the war.
Chapter 11, Section 4
A New Birth of Freedom
• The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified by the
states and became law in December 1865.
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
• Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address
that slavery had divided the nation, but he also
laid the groundwork to “bind up the nation’s
wounds.”
Chapter 11, Section 4
Surrender at Appomattox
• On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s army. He planned to
unite his troops with those of General Johnston. Lee hoped that together
they would be able to continue the war.
• On April 9, 1865, Lee’s forces came to the Virginia town of Appomattox
Court House. They were surrounded by a much larger Union force.
• Lee’s officers suggested that the army could scatter and continue to fight
as guerrillas—soldiers who use surprise raids and hit-and-run tactics. Lee
rejected this idea.
• That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a private home. Lee
surrendered, and the two men signed the surrender papers.
Chapter 11, Section 4
Civil War Deaths
Chapter 11, Section 4
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Lincoln Is Assassinated
Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war.
Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of Southern conspirators in
Washington, D.C., had plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for
Confederate prisoners of war.
After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John Wilkes Booth, assigned
members of his group to assassinate top Union officials.
On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play
at Ford’s Theater.
Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the theater and was found
hiding in a tobacco barn.
Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Washington, D.C., to his
hometown of Springfield, Illinois.
Devastation and New Freedom–
Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 4
How was General Sherman’s strategy identical to General Grant’s?
(A) Both used caution to save the lives of their troops.
(B) Both used the North’s superiority in population and industry to wear down the
Confederates.
(C) Both recognized the strategic importance of Richmond.
(D) Both were waiting for the election of 1864 to decide how to proceed.
What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?
(A) It brought an end to the Civil War.
(B) It reunited the Union.
(C) It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.
(D) It ended slavery in the United States forever.
Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
Devastation and New Freedom–
Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 4
How was General Sherman’s strategy identical to General Grant’s?
(A) Both used caution to save the lives of their troops.
(B) Both used the North’s superiority in population and industry to wear down the
Confederates.
(C) Both recognized the strategic importance of Richmond.
(D) Both were waiting for the election of 1864 to decide how to proceed.
What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?
(A) It brought an end to the Civil War.
(B) It reunited the Union.
(C) It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.
(D) It ended slavery in the United States forever.
Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
• A Br. ship. the Trent, was intercepted by the N. on its
way to GB from the S.; it was carrying S.
"ambassadors"...the N. resented Br. interference,
leading some to call for war; Lincoln simply defused
the situation by releasing the ship and the southern
"agents"
• GB had also sold several ships to the S., namely the
Florida and the Alabama - they had sunk many n.
ships
• A few southerners had
managed to get into BNA, from
which they launched several
raids into the N.; this inc. a # of
bank robberies in Vt. (the best
known was the St. Alban's
Raid)...some Northerners
wanted to invade BNA as
punishment
• this forced the BNA colonies to
begin to consider a
Confederation to protect
themselves against the US...by
1867, GB agreed w/ the
Canadian "Fathers of
Confederation" (Canada had
become an expensive hassle
for the Br…)
• It freed the slaves
only in states that
have seceded from
the Union.
• It did not free
slaves in border
states.
•
•
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•
•
•
•
Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it was
crucial to attack the North on its own territory
July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pa.
Confed. bombardment; Union held firm
on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge")
Lee was defeated and retreated to Virgnia
Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere.
Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South
invaded the North.
• that from these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave the last
full measure of devotion -- that we here highly
resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth
of freedom -- and that government of the people, by
the people, for the people, shall not perish from the
earth.
Abe Lincoln
The Monitor
• July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURG
• won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union
control of Mississippi River
• Grant was then given control of all Union armies 
began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the South
• General Sheridan decimated Va.'s Shenandoah Valley
• General Sherman given task of taking Atlanta; his "March
through Georgia" saw total destruction from Atlanta to
Savannah
William Carney
• After the Emancipation
Proclamation blacks
began to join the Union
Army
• Initially they were only
used for manual labor
• Eventually, Blacks saw
live combat
• 54th regiment out of
Massachusetts
• April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - final blow
to Lee's army
• Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at APPOMATTOX
COURTHOUSE
• All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of loyalty to
U.S.
• otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient
• Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and further
conflict
• issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. gov't had
asserted its status
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
• POLITICAL / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
• w/o Southerners in fed. gov't, many changes occurred that benefited the
North:
• 1) Homestead Act passed by Congress in 1862 - encouraged W. expansion
w/o slavery
- 165 acres given to anyone who would farm it 5 yrs.
• 2) Union-Pacific Railway was authorized - great trade potential, focused on
the Northern States.
• 3) Tariffs were put in place to protect Northern industry
• 4) Congress established a single federal
currency - same value in all states known as "Greenbacks"
• 5) to cover war debts, Union gov't
issued war bonds and intro'd income
tax
• 6) in a further illustration of fed. gov't
power, Lincoln's gov't restricted civil
liberties so nothing would detract from
Union war effort (suspended Habeas
Corpus)
- free press/ speech also interrupted
• 7) 1864 Election - only in Union
- pitted Republican Lincoln against
Democrat General McClellan  Lincoln
won easily, assuring that war will
continue (N. Democrats wanted an end)
• EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR
• creation of a single unified country
• abolition of slavery
• increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of
states rights
• U.S. now an industrial nation
• a stronger sense of nationalism
• w. lands increasingly opened to settlement
• South was economically and physically devastated,
w/ the plantation system crippled...thus
Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep
hatred of the North remained...