Transcript File - SEHS
Chapter 16 Lecture Outline The War Of The Union © 2013 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Slavery and the Civil War The End of the Waiting Game • Lincoln’s Inauguration – – – – Civil War began Promised to not interfere where slavery existed Wanted to preserve Union Appointed closest competitor’s for cabinet • The Fall of Fort Sumter – – – – Fed. fort in SC claimed possession of all fed. property Lincoln would not allow it Under siege by Confederate forces 1st shots of Civil War fired, Confederacy won The End of the Waiting Game • The Causes of War – – – – – Secession necessary Protect state rights guaranteed under Constitution Disproportion of tariffs on South Retain slavery Allow slavery into new territories • Taking Sides – Lincoln ordered blockade of southern coast (Supreme Ct. view it as form of war declaration) – VA, TN, NC, and AK secede – DE, MD, MO, and KT remain un Union The End of the Waiting Game The End of the Waiting Game • Choosing Sides – Robert E. Lee of VA asked to lead Federal army vs. Confederacy – Refused – VA came before Union The Balance of Force • Regional Advantages – North outnumbered south with manufacturing • Greater population – South was farming • Fought defensive war: called for fewer supplies and soldiers The War’s Early Course • The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) – Federal forces defeated – Confederates did not give up – Outcome disproved belief that war would be over in 1 decisive victory for either side • The War’s Early Phase – South h hoped to win enough battles to gain foreign support – Lincoln adopted strategy: 3-pronged assault • Divide it and defeat each section The War’s Early Course • Confederate Diplomacy – Needed foreign support – Hoped to secure French recognition • Agreed so as long as GB would join • GB would not under strict pressure from US • Forming Armies – Both relied on recruits – By 1862, initiated by the Confederacy, started an involuntary draft, and the Union did the same – $677 to new recruits, $777 to veteran soldiers, and $15 to anyone who brought in a recruit. The War’s Early Course • Blacks in the South – Thought war was about freeing them • • • • • Worked less Hard to drive Did very little work Helped while masters were away at war Served as spies for the Union • The West and the Civil War – West rapidly populating – ID, NV, AZ, and MT added to Union The War’s Early Course • Fighting in the Western Theater – Confederate Gn. Albert S. Johnson defeated by Union Gn. Ulysses S. Grant • Shiloh – TN-MI border – Johnson attacked Grant’s forces and almost defeated them – Johnson was killed and forces fell apart – Grant counterattacked next day – Rebel forces withdrew The War’s Early Course The War’s Early Course • McClellan’s Peninsular Campaign – Lincoln chose Gn. George McClellan – Goal to get to Confederate capitol of Richmond – Falls 60 miles short – Lee and forces defended capitol – Henry Halleck back in command • Second Bull Run (Second Manassas) – Lee attacked Union forces before Halleck arrived – Confederate victory • Union went back to Washington, D.C. • Lincoln reinstates McClellan The War’s Early Course The War’s Early Course • Slaves in the War – What to do with newly “liberated” slaves – 1862 Lincoln and cabinet began discussion on a permanent solution to slave issue • Antietam (Sharpsburg, MD) – Lee’s invasion of Union proved successful – Strategy was discovered by Union and plan given to McClellan – McLellan and Lee met at the Antietam Creek – Bloodiest war – Union victory only b/c Lee retreated Antietam • Antietam was TURNING POINT OF WAR • Union could claim as victory • Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation - Freed all slaves in Confederate states. - Destroyed any chance the South had at foreign recognition. The War’s Early Course The War’s Early Course • Fredericksburg, VA – Lincoln placed Gn. Ambrose Burnside in command – Pursued Lee to town of Fredericksburg – Suffered 2x as many casualties as the Rebel forces Emancipation • Reactions to Emancipation – Lincoln turned war into a war of liberation for the slaves – Foreign recognition denied ( as France and England abolishes slavery years prior) – Encouraged enslaved to be less willing to help masters – Did not extend to any Confederate lands that at time were under Union forces but slaves still proclaimed freedom anyway Emancipation • Blacks in the Military – African Americans in North were organize into allblack military units led by white officers – War changed to preserve the Union to liberation of slaves in the South The War behind the Lines • Women and the War – In North over 20k women served as nurses or other health-related volunteers – Both sides took over jobs and roles that men typically did but were at war • Religion and the Civil War – Both thought were fighting holy war – Chaplains to soldiers Government during the War • Union Finances – Union taxed, borrowed, and printed moneu – 1862 Congress would pass the 1st-ever income tax • Confederate Finances – – – – Property tax but relied on individual states to collect it 1863 govt. placed taxes on everything Printed money with no control over it Inflation was high Government during the War • Union Politics and Civil Liberties – Lincoln found himself battling Radical Republicans who wanted drastic changes to the South – Democrats wanted to get the Union back • Confederate Politics – Lincoln was troubled in the beginning for re-election – Union victories by admiral David Farragut and Gn. William Tecumseh Sherman got Lincoln re-elected – Confederate experienced election of their own • Jefferson and Davis remained as the Pres. and VP • Enjoyed 6-year term The Faltering Confederacy • Chancellorsville, VA – Gn. Joseph Hooker led Union – Lee defeated troops even though he was outnumbered – Lee’s best Gn., Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson got shot by own man • Vicksburg – Grant wanted to secure city – capturing it would cut South in half The Faltering Confederacy • Gettysburg – Lee invaded PN – Both armies met at Gettysburg • • • • • July 1-3, 1863 Lee ordered Gn. Pickett to charge and secure them Charge was across large, open land Pickett’s troops were stopped quickly Lee withdrew from North – Never to invade again The Faltering Confederacy The Faltering Confederacy • Chattanooga – Lincoln secures his Gn. – Grant takes over and gets victory – Lincoln would promote Grant to Lt. Gn. • Made him Gn. in chief of all Federal forces The Confederacy’s Defeat • Grant’s Pursuit of Lee – Planned to constantly attack Lee’s forces and wear them down – Battle of Wilderness • Grant engaged Lee’s forces and continued to attack • Lee retreated to Petersburg where Grant placed Rebel forces under siege The Confederacy’s Defeat The Confederacy’s Defeat • Sherman’s March – When Grant left out od West, left Gn. William Tecumseh Sherman in charge – Sherman marched toward ATL, GA destroying everything in the way – Union victory – Intention was to destroy South’s ability to fight by attacking people and destructing farms and crops The Confederacy’s Defeat The Confederacy’s Defeat • Appomattox – Leaving Petersburg in Spring of 1865, Lee tried to escape Grant’s pursuing forces – Lee could not escape – Surrendered to Grant A Modern War • Unprecedented scope and scale – 1st modern war – 1st armored ships – Riffled cannons – Set stage for future world wars This concludes the lecture PowerPoint Presentation for Chapter 16 The War Of The Union Visit the StudySpace for more resources: http://wwnorton.com/college/history/america9/brief/ © 2013 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.