Transcript Civil War in Indian Territory

Civil War in Indian Territory
Top 5 Causes of the Civil War
• Economic and Social differences between the
North and the South.
• Fight over states versus federal rights.
• Fight between slave and free states.
• Growth of the abolition movement.
• Abraham Lincoln being elected as President.
Battles in Indian Territory
The Battle of Round Mountain:
The first battle to occur in Indian Territory. The battle was caused when a
group of Native Americans tried to escape Indian Territory because they
did not want to be under the control of the Confederates. The battle of
Round Mountain was a W for the Confederates.
The Battle of Honey Springs:
The battle of Honey Springs was the largest battle fought in Indian
Territory. The battle was an effort for the Union to take Indian Territory
from the Confederates. The battle of Honey Springs was a W for the
Union.
Confederate stake in Indian Territory
The Confederates looked to occupy the Union territory of Indian
Territory. They saw this as a natural alliance because;
*Indian Territory had close to if not the same social structure of the
South
*A lot of the Tribes residing in Indian territory were slave holders
themselves.
Not only did Indian Territory resemble the South. They also held
many resources that the South needed including but not limited to;
young and able men to be soldiers, money, food, and military supplies.
Why did the Native Americans side with the South?
The South made Indian Territory promises that some couldn’t resist.
They painted a picture of equal rights, and made the promise that
they would never invade their lands with white settlers.
Split in the tribes
The Native American tribes were split on their decision on who’s side to take
during the civil war.
All of the 5 civilized tribes signed a treaty with the Confederates (though
many claimed it was under duress after Lee’s army surrendered and the
reconstruction effort began.
The Cherokee tribe was the most effected by the split decision. John Ross
wanted the Cherokee people to remain neutral and Stand Waite wanted
the Cherokee to side with the Confederacy. Waite eventually got his way
because John Ross claimed that he would rather keep the tribe together
than to get his way. Before the Cherokee nation had signed a treaty with
the South, Stand Waite and his Cherokee Mounted Riflemen burned
Tahlequah, the Cherokee capital to the ground. Waite was the highest
ranking Native American in the Confederate Military (he was a brigadier
general) and the last Confederate General to surrender.
Reconstruction
All tribes paid extremely high prices for their participation in the Civil War. The 5
tribes as a whole had to cede the western half of Indian Territory.
Choctaws & Chicksaw:
- Were given an option to either relocate their slaves or adopt them into their tribe.
- Were only tribes to receive payment for their ceded lands.
Cherokee:
- Were forced to cede their land
- Were forced to adopt their slaves
Creeks and Seminoles:
-Forced to sign confessions of war guilt.
-Seminoles forced to give up all their land and the Creeks were forced to give land to
the Seminoles.
-forced to make their slaves members of their tribes.