Transcript Civil War Battles and Technology

The American Civil War
Battles
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Union Naval Blockade
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Union Naval Seizures
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Areas of Union Control
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The Western Theatre, 1862
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The Western Theatre – 1861 - 1865
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Major Battles and Events of the Western Theatre
● Vicksburg
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Location: Mississippi
Dates: May 18-July 4, 1863
Estimated Casualties: 35,825 total (US 4,550; CS
31,275)
Results: Union victory
Shiloh
State: Tennessee
Dates: April 6-7, 1862
Estimated Casualties: 23,746 total (US 13,047; CS
10,699)
Results: Union victory
Chickamauga
Location:Georgia (1863)
Dates: September 18-20, 1863
Estimated Casualties: 34,624 total (US 16,170; CS
18,454)
Results: Confederate victory
Atlanta
State: Georgia
Dates: July 22,
Estimated Casualties: 12,140 total (US 3,641; CS
8,499)
Results: Union victory
Sherman’s March to the Sea
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Shiloh
● April 6 1862 Confederate soldiers
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attacked along Tennessee River
Federal forces pushed back but made a
stand at the “Hornet’s Nest”
Confederates surrounded and captured
Union soldiers
Next morning Union reinforcements
outnumbered Confederate forces
Confederate General Johnston mortally
wounded
Grant’s counteroffensive overpowered
Confederates who fled the field
Bloodiest battle in US history (at the
time) with 23,000 dead
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William T. Sherman
Sherman became
one of Lincoln’s
most trusted
Generals as a result
of his performance
during the war in
the West
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Sherman’s March to the Sea
●Sept 2 1864 Union forces captured Atlanta, the
railroad and industrial centre of the Confederacy
●Nov 15- Dec 21 1864 Union General Sherman led
60,000 Union soldiers 285 miles from Atlanta to
Savannah Georgia
●stole food and livestock & burned houses and
barns to demoralize the population
●Confederate forces fled south
●Dec 21 entered Savannah which was undefended
●1865 continued to pillage to Charleston SC
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Sherman’s March, 1864-5
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War in Trans-Mississippi Theatre, 1862
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Trans-Mississippi Theatre
● Guerrilla activity turned much of Missouri into a battleground.
● Missouri had, in total, the third-most battles of any state during the
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war.
The other states of the west, though geographically isolated from the
battles to the east, saw numerous small-scale military actions.
Battles in the region served to secure Missouri, Indian Territory, New
Mexico Territory, and Arizona Territory for the Union.
Confederate incursions into Arizona and New Mexico territories were
repulsed in 1862 and a Union campaign to secure Indian Territory
succeeded in 1863.
Late in the war, the Union's Red River Campaign was a failure.
Texas remained in Confederate hands throughout the war, but was cut
off from the rest of the Confederacy after the capture of Vicksburg in
1863 gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.
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War in the Eastern Theatre to 1862
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Robert E. Lee
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Major Battles of the Eastern Theatre
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Antietam
State: Maryland
Dates: September 16-18, 1862
Forces Engaged: Armies
Estimated Casualties: 23,100 total
Results: Inconclusive (Union strategic victory.)
Fredericksburg
State: Virginia
Dates: December 11-15, 1862
Forces Engaged: 172,504 total (US 100,007; CS 72,497)
Estimated Casualties: 17,929 total (US 13,353; CS 4,576)
Results: Confederate victory
Chancellorsville
State: Virginia
Dates: April 30-May 6, 1863
Forces Engaged: 154,734 total (US 97,382; CS 57,352)
Estimated Casualties: 24,000 total (US 14,000; CS 10,000)
Results: Confederate victory
Gettysburg
State: Pennsylvania
Dates: July 1-3, 1863 Principal
Forces Engaged: 158,300 total (83,289 [US];75,054 [CS])
Estimated Casualties: 51,000 total (US 23,000; CS 28,000)
Results: Union victory
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Eastern
Campaigns, 1864
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Antietam
● McClellan’s Army of the Potomac led an attack on Lee’s forces near
Sharpsburg MD Sept 17 1862
● effective Confederate counterattack
● 3rd Union army assault crossed a stone bridge at Antietam Creek
● Confederate forces were collapsing until reinforcements came from
Harper’s Ferry to drive back the Union forces
● Bloodiest day in US history ended in a draw
● Confederates retreated so the Union forces counted it as a victory
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The End is Near, 1864-1865
● Lincoln makes Grant commander of all Union
armies – beginning of 1864
● Grant made his headquarters with the Army of
the Potomac - places Maj. Gen. Sherman in
command of most of the western armies.
● Grant takes up total war.
● Union forces in the East attempted to maneuver
past Lee and fought several battles
● Grant's battles of attrition at the Wilderness,
Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor resulted in heavy
Union losses, but forced Lee's Confederates to fall
back again and again.
● He pinned down the Confederate army in the
Siege of Petersburg, where the two armies
engaged in trench warfare for over nine months.
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Richmond Falls
● Richmond is the Confederate capital
● Lee's army, thinned by desertion and casualties, was now much
smaller than Grant's.
● Union forces won a decisive victory at the Battle of Five Forks on
April 1, forcing Lee to evacuate Petersburg and Richmond.
● The Confederate capital fell to the Union XXV Corps, composed of
black troops. The remaining Confederate units fled west after a
defeat at Sayler's Creek
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Appomattox Courthouse
● Lee’s Confederate army was harried by Union forces
● arrived April 8, 1865 at Appomattox County, South Side Railroad where
supplies awaited
● Confederate forces were cut off and surrounded by the Union army at
Appomattox Courthouse
● initially the weaker Union cavalry was a problem, but increased Union
infantry arrived from the west and south
● Lee retreated through the village and across the river
● Lee surrendered his remaining troops to Grant at the McLean House on
April 9, 1865
● led to the conclusion of the war
● lenient terms allowed Confederate soldiers to return home and set the
stage for further surrenders and attitudes to the Confederate forces
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