Transcript THE CIVIL WAR

THE CIVIL WAR
VICTORY AT APPOMATTOX
A. Fredricksburg
1. December 1862,
Union forces set out
once again to head
towards Richmond.
2. Union troops were
led by General
Ambrose Burnside.
3. Confederate General
Robert E. Lee left the
town to Burnside and
Lee’s troops dug in on
a hill above
Fredricksburg.
4. Six times Burnside
ordered his men to
charge, and six times
they were drove back.
5. This battle was one
of the Union’s worst
defeats.
B. Chancellorsville
1. In May 1863, Lee
and Stonewall
Jackson again
outwitted the Union
Army.
2. Although the South
won the three day
battle, the South
suffered an
enormous loss.
a. Stonewall Jackson
was shot by a
Confederate sentry,
and he died of blood
poisoning three days
later.
b. “I have lost my right
arm,” Lee said.
3. Lee decided to keep
the Union off guard
and move north into
Pennsylvania.
a. If he was successful,
Lee planned to
capture Washington
D.C.
XV. Lee At Gettysburg
A. By accident, on June
30th, some of Lee’s
men stumbled on
Union soldiers at the
town of Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania.
B. Confederate troops
drove the Union out
of the town, but the
Yanks took up
positions on
Cemetery Ridge.
C. Cemetary Ridge
1. On July 2, General
James Longstreet,
one of Lee’s best
generals, did not like
what he saw. The
Union position looked
too strong to risk a
battle.
2. Lee disagreed. “The
enemy is there, and I
am going to attack
him there.”
a. “If he is there,”
Longstreet replied, “it
will be because he is
anxious that we
should attack him; a
good reason, in my
judgment, for not
doing so.
b. Longstreet advised
Lee to go South and
find ground more
favorable to the
South.
3. Lee wanted to
destroy the Union
army, and ordered an
attack on both ends of
the Union lines.
a. The South suffered
heavy casualties,
but could not break
the Union lines.
4. Lee ordered General
George Pickett to
directly assault
Cemetery Ridge with
15,000 men.
a. To reach the
Yankees, the men
would have to cross
an open field and
then run up a steep
slope.
5. In the end, Pickett’s
charge failed. “It’s all
my fault,” Lee said.
6. Lee had no choice
but to retreat. The
Confederates would
never again invade
the north. The war
had reached its
turning point.
III. Honoring the Dead at
Gettysburg
A. On November 19,
1863, Abraham
Lincoln gave a
speech at a ceremony
dedicated to the
cemetery at
Gettysburg.
B. In a three minute
speech, written on a
train, Lincoln
delivered one of the
most memorable
speeches in U.S.
history. It is known as
the Gettysburg
Address:
“We here highly resolve that these dead
shall not have died in vain-that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom-and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth.”
IV. TOTAL WAR
A. For three years,
Lincoln had
searched for a
general who could
lead the Union to
victory.
1. In 1864, after Grant’s
victory at Vicksburg,
Lincoln appointed
Ulysses S. Grant
commander of the
Union forces.
B. Sheridan in the
Shenandoah
1. To destroy the
South’s ability to fight,
Grant sent General
Philip Sheridan into
Virginia’s rich
farmland, the
Shenandoah Valley.
2. Grant ordered Sheridan:
“Leave nothing to invite
the enemy to return.
Destroy whatever
cannot be consumed.
Let the valley be left
so crows flying over it
will have to carry
rations along with
them.”
C. Marching Through Georgia
1. Grant sent General
William Tecumseh
Sherman to capture
Atlanta, Georgia.
Sherman had the
same orders as
Sheridan, destroy
everything useful to
the South.
2. In September 1864,
Sherman burned
Atlanta and began his
“march to the sea.”
a. Sherman destroyed
railroad lines, burned
barns, homes, and
factories.
D. New type of combat
1. Grant, Sherman,
and Sheridan
created a new type
of warfare called
“total war.”
2. In total war,
everyone is affected
as the army
destroyed food and
equipment that
might be useful to
the enemy.
V. The War Is Over
A. On April 2, 1865,
Richmond fell and
Jefferson Davis and
his cabinet had to flee
the city.
B. Lee Surrenders
1. Lee was trapped by
the Union Army at
Appomattox
Courthouse.
2. On April 9, 1865,
Lee surrenders to
Grant.
3. As southern soldiers
surrendered, Union
soldiers cheered.
Grant ordered them to
be silent:
“The war is over. The
rebels are our
countrymen again.”