Transcript Drifting Towards Disunion

Drifting Towards Disunion
APUSH Chapter 19
1854 – 1861
How did the Creation of
popular sovereignty in the
new U.S. territories result in
additional conflict that led
to the Civil War?
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
(1811–1896)
So this is the lady who
started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 p. 411
 Sold 300,000 copies
in
the first year.
 2theme
millionofinslavery
a
What
was the
focus of the book?
decade.
Role in the build up
to the Civil War?
Southern response?
Who is Hinton R. Helper?
The “Know-Nothings” (The American Party)
 Nativist
 Anti-
Catholic
 Antiimmigrant
1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.
1856 Presidential Election
√
James Buchanan
John C. Frémont
Millard Fillmore
Democrat
Republican
Whig / Know Nothing
Buchanan would prove to be a president who would do little to stop secession
1856
Election
Results
Role of the
Fire-eaters?
Why did many
Northerners vote for
Buchanan?
How did the
election of 1856
set the stage
for 1860?
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Two gov’ts in KN?
John Brown
Abolitionist who led
the Pottawatomie
Creek Massacre in
response to events
at Lawrence
 Provoked many
other attacks
between
proslavery settlers
& free-soilers
 In all about 200
people are killed

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Unofficial Civil War begins
in KN in 1856
Continues until it merges
with full scale war
in 1861
Mural in the Kansas Capitol by John Steuart
Curry (20c)
Lecompton Constitution
Two governments in KN?




Written in 1857 by the proslavery gov’t at
Lecompton, Kansas who was trying to join the
Union as a slave state
Free-Soilers greatly outnumbered the proslavery
settlers and rejected the document
President Buchanan endorsed the proslavery
Lecompton Constitution b/c so many proslavery
Southerners had helped him win the presidency
What was the reaction to this across the
country?
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Rep. Preston Brooks
(D-SC)


Sen. Charles Sumner
(R-MA)
The caning of Charles Sumner


In the Senate, 1856
Charles Sumner gives
an anti-slavery
speech in which he
insults an SC
Senator, Andrew
Butler
Sen. Butler’s nephew,
Preston Brooks later
walks into the Senate
and beats Sumner in
the head repeatedly
with his cane
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
Why did Scott
claim he was free
in 1834?
 B/C he had lived in
free territories
 What did the
Supreme Court say
about Dred Scott &
slaves in general?

Dred Scott Case
• Three rulings in the
Dred Scott Case
1.Slaves did not
have rights of
citizens
2.Scott had no claim
to freedom b/c he
was living in MO
3.Missouri
Compromise was
unconstitutional.
Why?
Popular sovereignty also unconstitutional
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate)
Debates, 1858
Major Issues of the debate?
A House divided
against itself, cannot
stand. - Abraham Lincoln
Most famous debate?
Popular Sovereignty
outlawed by the Dred
Scott Decision?
Stephen Douglas & the
Freeport Doctrine:
Effort to revive Popular
Sovereignty
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
Plan?
Reaction across the United States?
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
1860
Presidential
Election
John Bell
Constitutional Union
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Republican Party Platform in 1860 p. 426
Non-extension of slavery [for the FreeSoilers.
 Protective tariff [for the N. Industrialists].
 No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a
disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
 Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for
the Northwest].
 Internal improvements [for the West] at
federal expense.
 Free homesteads for the public domain
[for farmers].

1860 Election
Results
What is significant
about the election?
Why did the Democrats
split?
Why was Douglass
unacceptable to
some Democrats?
Why would SC be pleased
with the result?
What did the Republicans
seem to threaten?
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860



Late 1860 SC
unanimously voted to
secede
By 1861 11 states had
left the Union
Jefferson Davis chosen
as CSA President
13 original states voluntarily
entered the union
11 southern states would
leave
Based on what precedent?
 Why
was Lincoln
unable to stop the
breakup of the Union?
 Why
did Buchanan
believe he did not
have the power to
stop secession?
Crittenden Compromise:
A Last Ditch Appeal to the South
Senator John
Crittenden
(KnowNothing-KY)
Terms:
Slavery prohibited
north of 36,30
Slavery protected by
feds south of 36,30
Rejected by Lincoln
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861