Transcript Reconstruction

Reconstruction
What is
Reconstruction?
Key Questions
1. How do we
bring the South
back into the
Union?
2. How do we
rebuild the
South after its
destruction
during the war?
4. What branch
of government
should control
the process of
Reconstruction?
3. How do we
integrate and
protect newlyemancipated
black freedmen?
After the Civil War
• The Civil War was the most costly war in American
History in terms of total devastation.
• At least 618,000 Americans died in the Civil War,
and some experts say the toll reached 700,000.
• These casualties exceed the nation's loss in all its
other wars, from the Revolution through Vietnam.
Amazing War Losses
www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm
300,000
250,000
200,000
North
South
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Battle
Sickness
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
• Lincoln wanted to welcome
back the southerners into
the Union.
• Even though Lincoln had
freed the slaves, he did not
wish to achieve political
equality for them.
• Goal was “to bind up the
nations wounds…”
• He never gets that chance…
Lincoln’s Plan
• Quick and easy “10% Plan”
(the states never really left
the Union)
• Gov’t pardon all but highranking officials
• 10% of voters take oath of
allegiance
HARSH
MEDIUM
EASY
One More Loss: On April 14, 1865,
Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth, in Ford's Theatre, while watching the
play "Our American Cousin.” America
mourned the loss of the man who upheld the
Union. The funeral was seen my millions.
Lincoln’s Funeral
• Funeral train across the U.S. following the
route of his President-elect tour in 1861
• 20 days to travel from Washington, D.C. to
Springfield, Illinois
• The train itself carried 300 mourners
• Thousands of mourners viewed the open
casket at each stop along the way
The Escape:
• After Booth murdered the
President he cried out Sic
Semper Tyrannis from the
stage, which in Latin
means “Thus ever for
tyrants.
• Does that saying sound
familiar to you?
“THUS EVER FOR TYRANTS”
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
• V.P takes over from Lincoln
• Presidential Reconstruction
• States have to…
– Withdraw secession
– Swear allegiance to the U.S.
– Anul war debts
– Adopt 13th amendment
HARSH
MEDIUM
EASY
President Johnson: Impeachment
• Johnson’s reconstruction plan
is ridiculed by Radical
Republicans as being too easy
on the former Rebels.
• Johnson is Impeached and
comes one vote from being
removed from office.
Radical Republicans Plan
• Congressional Reconstruction
• Wanted to punish the South for
“starting the war”
• Iron clad oath – 100%
• Military occupation
• Attempted to impeach Johnson
when he rejected this plan
HARSH
MEDIUM
EASY
The Radical Republicans Plan
The Republicans, unlike Johnson, wanted to be very hard
on the rebellious southern states. They organize the south
up into 5 military districts each controlled by a former
Civil War General.
Freedman’s Bureau
• Assisted former slaves
& poor whites
• Distributed food &
cloth
• Established hospitals
and job training
facilities
The South during Reconstruction
• Black Codes
–Discriminatory laws
that severely
restricted Afr.
Americans lives
–Returned to preCivil War society
The South during Reconstruction
• Ku Klux Klan
(KKK)
– Founded as a
gentleman’s club
for Confederate
veterans
– Became a white
supremist terrorist
organization.
Carpetbaggers:
Northerners who came south for
economic reasons after the Civil War.
The South during Reconstruction
• Land
– Afr. Amer. Could
not own land
– Tenants – rented
land
– Sharecroppers - %
of crops were given
to landowner, the
rest kept by farmer
The South during Reconstruction
• Disenfranchisement of Freedment (taking
away the vote)
• Poll tax – pay money in order to vote
(most Afr. Amer. could not afford this)
• Literacy test – pass the test to vote
• Grandfather clause – if your grandfather
could vote before a certain date then you
could too (excluded former slaves)
th
13
Amendment
• Section 1. Neither
slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a
punishment for crime
whereof the party shall
have been duly
convicted, shall exist
within the United States,
or any place subject to
their jurisdiction
th
14
Amendment
• Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
are citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the privileges or
immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall
any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law; nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws.
15th Amendment
• Section 1. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
Amendments to the Constitution
• 13th (XIII) – ABOLISHED
SLAVERY
• 14th (XIV) – granted
citizenship & due process
th
• 15 (XV) – granted voting
rights
Election of 1876
• Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep.) v.
Samuel Tilden (D)
• Hayes LOST popular vote but
WON electoral vote
• Compromise of 1877: Rep. wanted
to keep the Persidential office so
they agreed to remove troops from
the South
Election of 1876
• Compromise of 1877 ENDED
RECONSTRUCTION
• South reverted to pre-Civil War
society
Freedmen were abandoned to
a redeemded SOUTH.
THREE PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION
LINCOLN PROPOSED HIS
PLAN IN 1863:
JOHNSON PROPOSED
HIS PLAN AFTER
LINCOLN WAS
ASSASSINATED AND
HE ASCENDED TO
THE PRESIDENCY
HE OFFERED A PARDON
TO ALL SUPPORTERS OF
THE CONFEDERACY IF
THEY SWORE
ALLEGIANCE TO THE
UNION AND PLEDGED TO
ACCEPT THE END OF
SLAVERY. WHEN 10% OF
THE MEN ELIGIBLE TO
VOTE IN 1860 DID THIS
THE STATE QUALIFIED
FOR REENTRY INTO THE
UNION
AMNESTY TO WHITES
WHO SIGNED
LOYALTY OATHS
NEW STATE
CONSTITUTIONS HAD TO
OUTLAW SLAVERY
NO ROLE FOR FREED
BLACKS
NO PROTECTION FOR
FREED AFRICANAMERICANS
STATES MUST
ABOLISH SLAVERY
STATES MUST PAY
WAR DEBTS
NO VOTE FOR
AFRICAN AMERICANS
RADICAL
REPUBLICANS IN
CONGRESS
PROPOSED THEIR
PLAN
PROMOTED EQUAL
RIGHTS FOR
FREED AFRICAN
AMERICANS
MILITARY
OCCUPATION OF
THE SOUTH TO
OVERSEE
CHANGES
VOTING RIGHTS
FOR AFRICAN
AMERICAN MALES
13TH, 14TH, 15TH
AMENDMENTS
Civil War and Reconstruction
Links
• http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/re
construction_of_the_south/pages/resources.
html