Transcript Congress Breaks with the President

President Lincoln’s Plan
 10% Plan - Lenient
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Pardon to all but the highest ranking
Confederates.
When 10% of the voting pop. of 1860 takes
loyalty oath and forms a government, state would
rejoin union.
13th Amendment - 1865
 Abolishes slavery throughout the United States
 Congress has power to enforce this.
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
“Presidential
Reconstruction”
• Similar to Lincoln’s but powerful
Confederates needed appeal directly to
Johnson.
•Pardons 13,000 former Confederates.
“White men alone must rule the South.”
Black Codes
 Laws restricting rights of
free blacks
 Forced many blacks to
become sharecroppers
[tenant farmers].
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
 Many former northern
abolitionists risked
their lives to help
southern freedmen.
 Called “carpetbaggers”
by white southern
Democrats.
 Southern Republicans
called “Scalawags”
Congress Breaks with the
President
 1866  President
vetoed the Freedmen’s
Bureau & Civil Rights Act.
 Congress passed both bills over
Johnson’s vetoes  1st in
U. S. history!!
Congressional Plan
(Radical Republicans)
Charles Sumner – remember me?
Reconstruction Act of 1867
•set up five military districts in the South.
•required southern states to give black men the vote to
be re-admitted to the Union.
•required southern states to ratify the 14th amendment
to be re-admitted to the Union.
14th Amendment
 Ratified in July,
1868.
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Essentially gives
citizenship rights to
blacks (but men only)
Hottest ticket
in town
Impeachment of
Andrew Johnson
How to (almost) dump a president
1. Congress sets a trap - the Tenure of Office Act
2. Johnson falls for it - removes Secretary of War Stanton
3. Johnson impeached by the House of Representatives
4. Senate one vote short of conviction
The Presidential Election of 1868
•Ulysses S. Grant won by only 306,000 votes
• He only won due to victory in southern states- How?
•More than 500,000 first-time black voters supported him
Blacks in Southern Politics
 The 15th Amendment
guaranteed blacks
federal voting rights.
15 Black members of
The House of Reps &
1 Senator - Hiram Revels
of Mississippi
1876 Presidential Tickets
1876 Presidential Election
Who is the winner?
Collapse of Reconstruction
Reasons for Collapse
Active opposition
KKK - terrorism
Bank collapse
Less federal
government support
Panic & Depression
of 1873
Amnesty Act 1872
Result of Collapse
Democrats take over southern state governments
Deal to elect Hayes if end military presence
Effective roll-back of Civil Rights
A Political Crisis: The
“Compromise” of 1877
Republicans &
Rutherford Hayes
Get the Presidency
What do the Democrats
Get?