Transcript 8463.2015 Events leading to CW Kissinger

Major Events/Causes Leading to
The Civil War
New additions to America (1820-1850): As new states are
added to the Union (Louisiana Purchase territory slowly
becoming individual states), congress had to decide if each
state would be a free or slave state. Each new addition
threatened the delicate balance of free and slave states,
infuriated one side or the other, and led to heated debate.
For a good example, let’s take a look at The Missouri
Compromise 1820 and the Compromise of 1850:
In spiral #1 NOTES:
The decision as to whether a state should
be free or slave becomes an issue of state
(popular sovereignty) vs. federal power
(Congress).
The decision as to whether a state should be free or
slave becomes an issue of state vs. federal power.
How to keep representation in Congress balanced
#2 Notes:
Popular Sovereignty: The idea that political
authority belongs to the people; principle
that would allow voters in a territory to
decide whether to ban or permit slavery.
It did accomplish the following:
•Added Missouri as a slave state.
•Added Maine as a free state.
•This made the balance of power in the
Senate at 12 states each.
•A line across the Louisiana Territory at 36°30’
North of this line, slavery was to be forever
banned (except in Missouri).
South of this line, slaveholding was permitted.
#3 Notes The Compromise of 1850
It did accomplish the following:
•California is admitted as a free state.
North is happy.
•New Mexico & Utah would be organized into territory open to
slavery.
South is happy.
•Slave trade (not slavery) would be abolished in Washington, D.C.
Both happy.
Although slave trade continued illegally.
•A strong fugitive slave law was created.
South is happy.
#4 NOTES
Fugitive Slave Law (1850): Law stating
that all citizens had to help catch
runaway slaves or face a $1000 fine or
6mos in jail.
Northerners resented being forced to help
capture runaway slaves, and Southerners
were elated to get slaves back but angry at
lack of Northern support. (Judges who sent
slaves back to the South were awarded with
$10 for their work; but only $5 if person in
question was freed!!)
#5 NOTES
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852):
Outraged by the Fugitive
Slave Law, Harriet Beecher
Stowe addressed the cruelty
of slavery in the book Uncle
Tom’s Cabin. It sold over
300,000 copies in its first
year. This book created more
abolitionists.
“Bleeding Kansas”
What do you see?
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): The remainder of the Louisiana
Purchase was divided into two separate territories, Kansas and
Nebraska. Several other proposed causes:
In each territory, popular sovereignty (voters) would decide
the question of slavery.
•
• This act repealed the earlier Missouri Compromise where
slavery was banned North of Missouri.
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to violence between proslavery
and anti-slavery groups who each rushed to the new territory to
support their cause. Over 200 people died in pro-slavery vs.
anti-slavery skirmishes-- some call the Kansas-Nebraska Act
the official start of the Civil War.
• Federal Government continued to recognize the proslavery
legislature as government of Kansas.
#6 Bleeding Kansas NOTES:
EFFECT:
a. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
led to violence between
proslavery and anti-slavery
groups who each rushed to
the new territory to support
their cause.
b. Over 200 people died in
pro-slavery vs. anti-slavery
skirmishes.
c. Kansas adopts a free state
Constitution and applies to
become a state.
Fallout
•Got rid of the Missouri Compromise
by making both Kansas and Nebraska
open to slavery.
•Northerners had nightmares of
slavery spreading.
•In May of 1856, an army of 800
pro-slavery settlers invades Lawrence.
•John Brown gets revenge, hacking
5 pro-slavery men to death with
their sabers.
•Senator Brooks attacked Senator
Sumner with his cane on the floor of
Congress!
•Southerners sent Brooks
replacement canes as gifts.
•Northerners viewed this as yet
another example of Southern
brutality.
TheDred Scott Decision (1857): A slave
named Dred Scott sued for his freedom
after his owner died. He claimed that
because his owner had once taken him to
free states, he was entitled to his
freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that
African Americans were not citizens and
therefore could not sue. The court also
ruled that the restriction of slavery is
unconstitutional because the 5th
amendment states that no one may be
“deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law.” Because slaves
were property this meant that Congress
had no power to ban slavery anywhere.
This reversed earlier decisions and was an
enormous step back for abolitionists (state
legislatures could still ban but anything
Congress had decided was null and void.)
#7 NOTES
#8 NOTES
a. Harper’s Ferry, VA
(1859): John Brown,
abolitionist, attempted to
start a slave revolt with 22
others at Harper’s Ferry,
VA by raiding a federal
arsenal and taking hostages.
b. The plan failed and
Brown was hanged, but
Southerners began to fear
abolitionists and slave
rebellions.
#9 NOTES:
The election of Lincoln
Lincoln was elected President in
1860 with just 40% of the vote (all
from the Northern states.
The Southern states felt they had
lost their voice in government and
no longer wanted to be a part of
the U.S.A. Our UNION of states
will be broken apart!!!
#10 NOTES:
Secession
The Confederate States of America (CSA) formed
in 1861-- even before Lincoln’s inauguration, seven
states seceded from the Union. Secession means
The act of formally withdrawing from the Union.
a. South Carolina (1st one to seceed)
b. Mississippi
c. Florida
1858 Lincoln responded by saying…
d. Alabama
“A house divided against itself can not
stand.
e. Georgia
f. Louisiana I believe this government cannot endure,
Permanently half slave and half free.”
g. Texas
#10 NOTES CONT.
There will be a total of 11 states leaving the Union.
The CSA chose Jefferson Davis as their President,
wrote their own Constitution which guaranteed
citizens could hold slaves, printed their own money…..
This Means WAR!!
Civil War on our own turf!
Ways secession benefit the South
Think $$$$ economy, free labor,
unrestricted trade with Europe, revive African slave-trade,
necessity would compel South to manufacture/develop,
and keep the southern way of life!
BORDER STATES
• Border States were on the Border of the USA and CSA.
• Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, and W.Virginia
• The border states did have slavery but chose not to secede
because they couldn’t agree on which side to fight.
• Virginia ended up splitting into two because Lincoln sent
troops into Western VA due to their Union Loyalty and
they set up their new gov’t and joined the Union as W. VA
(1863). So now there are two states, VA and West VA.
EXTRA INFO…
• MO and KY controlled key stretches of the Ohio and Mississippi
rivers.
• Washington DC was bordered on three sides by MD. DC is the capital
for the Union, yet it’s surrounded by a lot of people that are proSouth.
• DEL- slave holders supported secession but they were outnumbered.
• KY, MO, MD people were deeply divided on the issue of secession
and some fought for Union and Some Confederate.
• Important to note that slavery WAS NOT the only issue states were
fighting about.
#11 NOTES:
• States Rights was the main issue. Voting by the
people/representatives in Congress for or against
slavery.
COLOR MAP
ASSIGNMENT
Start of War