Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
A Country Divided
Life in the North

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Based on industry
 Factories and shipping
 Few family farms (small, not for cash)
 No need for slaves
On the issue of slavery
 Slavery was illegal in the North by the 1800s
 Many abolitionists in the North
 Gave speeches, wrote newspapers and books
 Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did not want newly
added states to allow slavery
 Discriminated against African Americans
 Not allowed to vote
 sent to unequal schools
 not allowed to own property
Life in the South
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Many southern plantations
 A few wealthy plantation owners
owned most of the slaves in the
South
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Few average families owned 1
or 2 slaves
 Yet southerners supported the
idea of slavery
Cotton gin
 Invented by Eli Whitney
 Invention that took seeds out of
cotton
 Now cotton could be cleaned
much faster
 Cotton became a popular fabric
 Higher demand for cotton meant
higher demand for slaves
 cotton gin animation
Abolitionists
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Abolitionists
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Harriet Tubman and
the Underground
Railroad
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Frederick Douglass
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The Moses of her
people
One of the greatest
speakers
Sojourner Truth
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Former slave,
abolitionist, preacher,
and women’s advocate
Causes of the Civil War
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As territories
become states,
Congress fights over
the slavery issue
Missouri
Compromise
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Maine is made a free
state, Missouri made
a slave state
Number of free and
slave states remains
equal
Causes of the Civil War, con’t.
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Compromise of 1850
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California is admitted
as a free state
In exchange, the
southern states
demand that the
Fugitive Slave Act is
enforced

Runaway slaves must
be returned to South
Causes of the Civil War, con’t.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Newly added states
would get to decide
for themselves if they
would become a free
or slave state (not
Congress)

Called popular
soveignty
Abraham Lincoln Elected

South feared Lincoln
would try to end
slavery in the U.S.
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Even though he had
promised not to
Lincoln did say he did
not want any new
states to allow slavery
The Reaction to Lincoln
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South Carolina
secedes from the
Union
10 other states follow
Form the Confederate
States of America

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A.K.A. Confederacy
North called them the
South, Rebels
The Confederacy

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The Confederates are
seen by the Union (U.S.)
as rebels, traitors
 Just as the Americans
were seen by the
British when they
declared independence
Acted as an independent
country
 Own currency (money)
 Flag
 Jefferson Davis as
president
 constitution
The Civil War Begins

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Fort Sumter is held by
U.S. troops, but is in
Confederate territory
Shots are fired, the
war begins

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U.S. troops are forced
to surrender the fort
President Lincoln
fights with one
purpose in mind

To reunite the country
Border States

Slave states that
remained with the
Union
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Delaware
Maryland
West Virginia
Kentucky
Missouri
Generals
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Union – General Ulysses S. Grant
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Proved himself worthy during the war
Promoted to General-in-Chief in 1864
Confederacy – Robert E. Lee
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From Virginia (a southern state)
Was a loyal American
Chose to fight alongside Confederates
because he did not want to fight
against his family and friends in
Virginia
Advantages for the Union
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Factories to make
weapons
More railroads
More people (to
become soldiers)
More money from
taxes
Advantages for the South
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Many good
generals
Many brave
soldiers
Dedicated to
freedom
Emancipation Proclamation

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Issued by Lincoln about
halfway through the war
Stated that all southern slaves
were free
African Americans were now
accepted into the Union
military
Changed the reason for
fighting the war
 From reuniting the Union
to ending slavery
 This made European
countries allies of the
Union
Battle of Gettysburg
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Located at border of Pennsylvania and
Maryland
3 day battle in 1863
North and South accidentally collided
North wins – turning point of the war
3rd day: Pickett’s Charge
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South charged Union lines, but each row of
men was shot down
10,000 dead in 50 minutes
Town of Gettysburg had population of
2,400 – after battle there were 51,000
casualties
172,000 men fought
634 cannons over 25 sq. miles
569 tons of ammo used
5,000 dead horses
Gettysburg Address
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Lincoln comes to
Gettysburg
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Dedicates the
battlefield to those
who died in battle
Encourages country to
keep fighting the war
The Civil War Ends
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South surrenders in 1865 at
Appomattox Courthouse
President Lincoln is shot 5 days
later
 By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s
Theater
13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments are soon added
to the Constitution
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13th ends slavery
14th gives citizenship to all born
in the US
15th gives right to vote to all
adult men
Jim Crow laws and Black Codes keep
inequality of blacks in the South

policy of segregation and separation
Review
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What caused the Civil War?
How did the Civil War end?
How would the U.S. be different if the South
had won the war?