Transcript 09 TAJMT Chapter 02

Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Two Sides
Section 2: Early Stages of the War
Section 3: Life During the War
Section 4: The Strain of War
Section 5: The War’s Final Stages
Visual Summary
The Two Sides
Essential Question What were the strengths
and weaknesses of the North and the South?
Early Stages of the War
Essential Question Why did neither the Union
nor the Confederacy gain a strong advantage
during the early years of the war?
Life During the War
Essential Question What social, political, and
economic changes resulted from the war?
The Strain of War
Essential Question How did the events at
Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of
the war?
The War’s Final Stages
Essential Question What events led to the
end of the war?
What were the strengths and
weaknesses of the North and the
South?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• border state
• export
• blockade
Academic Vocabulary
• contrast
• challenge
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Abraham Lincoln
• Anaconda Plan
What do you think might have been the greatest
advantage for the Confederates during the Civil
War?
A. They were fighting on
their own land.
B. They had excellent
military leaders.
time to capture.
0%
D
C
B
A
A. A
B. 0%B 0%
0%
C. They had a stronger
fighting spirit.
C. C
D. The South had a large coastline that would
take
D. D
Goals and Strategies
The North and the South had many
different strengths, strategies, and
purposes in the Civil War.
Goals and Strategies (cont.)
• The border states were vital to the war
effort because of their strategic location.
• President Abraham Lincoln worked
tirelessly to keep Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky and Missouri in the Union and was
ultimately successful.
• The Confederacy needed only to fight hard
enough and long enough to convince
the Northerners that the war was
not worth the cost.
The Fighting Forces
Goals and Strategies (cont.)
• In contrast, the North had to invade the
South and force the breakaway states to
give up their quest for sovereignty.
• The North planned to blockade Southern
ports in order to:
– Prevent supplies from reaching the
Confederacy.
– Keep the South from exporting
its cotton crop.
Resources in the North and South
Goals and Strategies (cont.)
• The other parts of Union General Winfield
Scott’s Anaconda Plan were to gain control
of the Mississippi River and to capture
Richmond, Virginia.
Why did the South develop a defensive strategy
for the Civil War?
A. They counted on support
from Britain and France.
B. They had much less land
than the North.
0%
D
C
B
A
A. A
0%
C. They believed the North
B. 0%B 0%
would tire of the war.
C. C
D. They wanted to hold off violence as long as
D. D
possible.
Americans Against Americans
Soldiers in the Civil war came from
every region, and each side
expected an early victory.
Americans Against Americans (cont.)
• The Civil War pitted brother against brother
and neighbor against neighbor.
• African Americans were not allowed to fight
until later in the war.
• Most soldiers came from farms and many
were under the age of 18.
Economics & History
Americans Against Americans (cont.)
• Soldiers suffered hardships and faced many
challenges: boredom, discomfort, sickness,
fear, and horror.
• About one of every 11 Union soldiers and
one of every 8 Confederates deserted.
Why were African Americans not allowed to
fight in the Union Army in the war’s early years?
A. Because of laws forbidding
African Americans to be armed
0%
D
0%
C
D. Because of a belief that they
were not effective warriors
B
C. Because of fear of a rebellion
A. A
B. B
C. 0%C
0%
D. D
A
B. Because of fear that they would
not be accepted by white troops.
Why did neither the Union nor the
Confederacy gain a strong advantage
during the early years of the war?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• tributary
• casualty
• ironclad
Academic Vocabulary
• abandon
• impact
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Stonewall Jackson
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Battle of Shiloh
• Robert E. Lee
• Battle of Antietam
• Frederick Douglass
• Emancipation Proclamation
What do you think is the most important
element for the North or South to gain
advantage in the early years of the war?
A. a large army
0%
D
0%
C
D. adequate funding and
financial support
B
C. quick, decisive victories
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
A
B. strong leaders
War on Land and Sea
The Confederates decisively won
the First Battle of Bull Run.
War on Land and Sea (cont.)
• The Confederates converted an abandoned
Union ship into an armored vessel which
they hoped would break through the
blockades on Southern ports.
– In the Battle of Bull Run, Confederate
General Thomas Jackson earned the
nickname “Stonewall” Jackson.
Naval Warfare
War on Land and Sea (cont.)
• The Confederates shocked the Northerners
by breaking the inexperienced Union lines
and forcing them to retreat.
• Abraham Lincoln appointed George B.
McClellan to lead the Union army of the
East.
• General Ulysses S. Grant was sent
to the West to control the
Mississippi River and its
tributaries.
War in the West, 1862–1863
War on Land and Sea (cont.)
• On the seas, the North and South used
ironclad warships against each other.
• In Mississippi, Union forces won a narrow
victory at the Battle of Shiloh, but the
bloody battle lasted two days and resulted in
an enormous number of casualties.
• On April 25, 1862, Northern naval
commander David Farragut captured New
Orleans.
What was Lincoln’s goal in appointing George
B. McClellan?
A. To have a brilliant
mastermind plan battles.
B. To sail the ironclad ships
against the Confederate navy.
Union troops.
0%
D
C
B
A
A. A
B.0%B 0%
C. To secure the Mississippi
0%
and its tributaries.
C. C
D. To better train the young and inexperienced
D. D
War in the East
The South won several important
victories in the East during 1862,
but the Union responded with a vital
triumph of its own.
War in the East (cont.)
• Confederate armies prevented the fall of
Richmond until the end of the Civil War.
• General Robert E. Lee was able to prevent
Union forces from taking Confederate land,
but he was unsuccessful in trying to invade
the North.
– Lee’s army defeated a Union army twice
its size at Chancellorsville,
Virginia, in May, 1863.
War in the East, 1862–1863
War in the East (cont.)
– At the Battle of Antietam in Sharpsburg,
Maryland, the Union was able to prevent
Lee from moving the war into the North.
War in the East, 1862–1863
Which battle resulted in the most
casualties?
A. The Battle of Antietam
B. The Battle of Chancellorsville
0%
D
0%
C
B
D. The Battle of Gettysburg
A
C. The Battle New Orleans
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
The Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s Emancipation
Proclamation had an enormous
effect in America and abroad.
The Emancipation Proclamation (cont.)
• At the urging of abolitionists Frederick
Douglass and Horace Greeley, Lincoln
decided that the focus of the Civil War
should shift from the preservation of the
Union to the end of slavery.
• On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation, which freed
all enslaved people in rebel territory.
The Emancipation Proclamation (cont.)
• While it did not actually free anyone, the
proclamation had the important impact of
officially stating the government’s position on
slavery.
Why would Britain or France side with the
Confederacy if Lincoln did not make slavery an issue
in the Civil War?
A. Britain hoped to reclaim the
United States, and saw a
divided country as easier to attack.
A. A
B. B
Many British and French immigrants
lived in the South.
C. C
Both countries depended on cotton from the
D. South,
D
B. France disliked Lincoln because
of his foreign policies.
D.
even though they were strongly antislavery.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
C.
What social, political, and economic
changes resulted from the war?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• habeas corpus
• greenback
• draft
• inflation
• bounty
Academic Vocabulary
• distribute
• substitute
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Mary Edwards Walker
• Dorothea Dix
• Clara Barton
• Sally Tompkins
• bread riots
What change in daily life do you think would be
most significantly during wartime?
A. Women would enter the
workforce in ways they
had not done before.
0%
D
0%
C
A
D. Travel would be limited and dangerous.
A
B
0%
C
D
B
A.
B.
0%
C. People would have to give up
some luxuries and even necessities. C.
D.
B. Education and school would
be suspended for many children.
A Different Way of Life
The Civil War affected civilians as
well as soldiers.
A Different Way of Life (cont.)
• Since much of the War was fought in the
South, the war had a greater impact on the
everyday life of Southerners.
• Schools sometimes closed, and churches
and schools were used as hospitals.
• Southerners who lived in the paths of
marching armies lost crops and homes.
A Different Way of Life (cont.)
• Shortages of food, supplies, and household
items became commonplace in the South.
Which of these is not a way in which the
South was affected by War?
A. The destruction of
farms and crops
B. Shortages of food
and supplies
0%
D
0%
C
B
A
A. A
B. B
0%
0%
C. A great number of refugees
C. C
D. D
D. An increase in the number of schools
New Roles for Women
Many Northern and Southern
women took on new responsibilities
during the war.
New Roles for Women (cont.)
• Because so many men were away fighting
the war, women took on new tasks such as
keeping farms, factories, and offices running.
• Many women entered the medical
profession to help heal the wounded.
– Mary Edwards Walker became the first
woman army surgeon.
New Roles for Women (cont.)
– Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix, and Sally
Tompkins all helped establish women in
the medical field during the Civil War.
• Some women worked as spies or disguised
themselves as men and became soldiers.
Which of these women was both a
spy and disguised herself as a soldier
to fight alongside the men?
A. Mary Edwards Walker
B. Sally Tompkins
C. Loretta Janeta Velázquez
D. Clara Barton
0%
A
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
B
C
0%
D
Prison Camps and Field Hospitals
When Americans went to war, most
were not prepared for the horrors of
battle.
Prison Camps and Field Hospitals (cont.)
• Prison camps were set up on both sides of
the war to prevent captured soldiers from
returning to battle.
• Conditions at these camps were harsh, and
volunteers distributed the little available
bread and soup.
Prison Camps and Field Hospitals (cont.)
• In the field of battle, surgeons worked amidst
gunfire to save the wounded.
• Conditions everywhere were unsanitary, and
some regiments lost half of their men to
illness before a battle even began.
Why did the North and South stop exchanging
prisoners?
A. Soldiers returned and gave
away the secrets of the other side.
0%
0%
D
D. Prisoners were used as slaves.
A
B
0%
C
D
C
A
C. There were few prisoners since
most were killed in battle.
A.
B.
0%
C.
D.
B
B. The men simply returned to the
army to fight again.
Political and Economic Change
The Civil War led to political change
and strained the economies of the
North and the South.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
• Shortages of food resulted in bread riots
throughout the South.
• Copperheads in the North called for
reuniting the states through negotiation
instead of war.
• As a way of dealing with war opponents,
both Lincoln and Jefferson Davis suspended
habeas corpus.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
• A Confederate draft law required ablebodied men between the ages of 18 and 35
to serve in the army for 3 years; however,
one could hire a substitute to fight for him.
• The North offered a bounty to encourage
volunteers and eventually passed a draft
law.
• Rioting broke out by those who felt the draft
favored the rich.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
• Though both sides were hit hard
economically, the North was better able to
deal with the enormous costs of the war
because of its greater resources.
– The North printed money called
greenbacks because of its color.
– Northern industry produced guns,
ammunition, shoes, and uniforms.
– Inflation occurred because goods were in
high demand.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
– The blockade and the destruction of
farmland strained the economy of the
South.
Who were the Copperheads?
A. Democrats who supported
the war
B. Democrats who were
opposed to the war
0%
D
0%
C
B
A
A. A
C. Enslaved persons who
B. 0%B
0%
fought for the North
C. C
D. A special division of the Confederate
D. D
army
How did the events at Gettysburg
and Vicksburg change the course of
the war?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• entrench
• siege
Academic Vocabulary
• nevertheless
• encounter
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• 54th Massachusetts
• Pickett’s Charge
• Gettysburg Address
Which do you feel is the most
important quality in a good leader?
A. Enthusiasm
B. Confidence
C. Courage
D. Decisiveness
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Southern Victories
In the winter of 1862 and the spring
of 1863, the South seemed to be
winning the Civil War.
Southern Victories (cont.)
• Robert E. Lee was responsible for many of
the most important Confederate victories.
• At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Lee’s
entrenched forces drove back Union
commander General Ambrose Burnside’s
troops.
Southern Victories (cont.)
• Lee and Stonewall Jackson led the
Confederates to another victory in
Chancellorsville; however, Jackson was
wounded in the arm and died a week later.
• President Lincoln continued to appoint new
generals in the hope that one of them could
stand up to Confederate forces.
What prompted Lincoln to say “If McClellan
doesn’t want to use the army, I’d like to
borrow it for a while”?
A. McClellan’s laziness
B. McClellan’s poor
battle strategies
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
0%
D
A. A
C. McClellan’s inexperience
B. B
in leading an army
C. enemy
C
D. McClellan’s reluctance to engage the
in battle
D. D
African Americans in the War
African Americans showed courage
and skill as soldiers in the Union
army.
African Americans in the War (cont.)
• In the South, African Americans were
banned from fighting for fear that they would
attack fellow troops or revolt.
• The North eventually allowed African
Americans to enlist in all-black regiments.
African American Soldiers
African Americans in the War (cont.)
• The best-known African American regiment
was the 54th Massachusetts, which took
part in an assault on Fort Wagner in South
Carolina.
• The regiment took severe casualties in the
battle; nevertheless, the soldiers bravely
fought on.
What was Lincoln’s biggest concern in
allowing African Americans to enlist?
A. They would stage a revolt.
0%
0%
0%
D
D. They would not be as effective
as white soldiers.
A
0%
A
B
C
D
C
C. He would lose the support
of the border states.
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
B. They would desert and join
the Confederate army.
The Tide of War Turns
The Battle of Gettysburg marked a
turn in the war as the Union forces
defeated the Confederates.
The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
• In spring of 1863, the South appeared to
have the upper hand in the war and hoped
that France and Britain would support their
cause.
• The four-day Battle of Gettysburg took place
because the two sides encountered each
other while stocking up on supplies in a
small town that was not a strategic location.
The Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3
The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
• Pickett’s Charge aimed to create a panic
amongst Union troops and break through
their lines, but three-quarters of the
Confederates who started the attack were
killed or wounded.
• Gettysburg put an end to the Confederate
hope of gaining foreign aid from Britain and
France.
The Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3
The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
• On July 4, 1863, Ulysses S. Grant
conquered the river city of Vicksburg—one
of the last Confederate holdouts along the
Mississippi River—after a 47-day siege.
• President Lincoln gave his famous
Gettysburg Address on November 19,
1863, at the dedication of Soldier’s National
Cemetery in Gettysburg.
By gaining control of the Mississippi and
Tennessee Rivers, what was the Union able
to do?
A. Capture Fort Sumter
B. Force the Confederacy
to surrender
C. Split the Confederacy
D. Defeat the Confederate
forces at Gettysburg
0%
A
A. A
B. B
C.
0% C0%
D. D
B
C
0%
D
What events led to the end of the war?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• total war
• resistance
Academic Vocabulary
• series
• interpret
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• David Farragut
• March to the Sea
• Appomattox Court House
Rate your agreement with the following
statement: When fighting a war, an army
should destroy only military, not civilian,
targets.
0%
D
D. Strongly disagree
0%
C
C. Somewhat disagree
B
B. Somewhat agree
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
A
A. Strongly agree
Total War Strikes the South
After a long, bloody summer, Union
forces captured major Southern
strongholds, and as a result, Lincoln
won reelection.
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
• General William T. Sherman’s deliberate
destruction of large parts of the South—known
as total war—was a deliberate strategy to
bring the horrors of war to the Southern
people.
• In 1864, Lincoln put General Ulysses S. Grant
in charge of all the Union armies.
Costs of the War
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
• In May and June of 1864, Grant’s army
battled Lee’s troops in a series of three
bloody battles resulting in large casualties
for both sides.
• Grant laid siege to Petersburg, Virginia, for
nine months, cutting off Confederate troops
and supplies.
Costs of the War
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
• Union general William Tecumseh Sherman
attacked Atlanta, Georgia, and faced major
resistance from Confederate general John
Hood.
– In September, Hood abandoned the city.
• David Farragut—the highest-ranking officer
in the Union navy—blocked off Mobile Bay in
Alabama, the last Southern port east of the
Mississippi.
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
• With these important Union victories, support
for Abraham Lincoln won him reelection in
1864.
• Lincoln interpreted his reelection as a clear
sign from the voters to end slavery
permanently.
Which Amendment banned slavery in
the United States?
A. The Thirteenth Amendment
B. The Fourteenth Amendment
0%
D
0%
C
B
D. The Sixteenth Amendment
A
C. The Fifteenth Amendment
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
The War’s End
After four years of fighting against
unfavorable odds, the South finally
surrendered.
The War’s End (cont.)
• General Sherman’s troops burned Atlanta
and began their trail of destruction known as
Sherman’s March to the Sea.
• Once Grant defeated Lee at Petersburg, he
marched on to Richmond and conquered the
Confederate capital.
The Final Battles, 1864–1865
The War’s End (cont.)
• The formal end to the war came on April 9,
1865, in the town of Appomattox Court
House, Virginia.
• Over 600,000 soldiers died in the Civil War,
and the economic toll on the South was
devastating.
• The North’s victory saved the Union and
freed millions of African Americans.
What was the capital of the
Confederacy?
A. Raleigh, North Carolina
B. Montgomery, Alabama
C. Atlanta, Georgia
D. Richmond, Virginia
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
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border state
state between the North and the
South that was divided over whether
to stay in the Union or join the
Confederacy
blockade
cut off an area by means of troops or
warships to stop supplies or people
from coming in or going out; to close
off a country’s ports
export
to sell goods abroad
contrast
large degree of difference
challenge
demanding situation
tributary
a smaller river that flows into a larger
river
ironclad
armored naval vessel
casualty
a military person killed, wounded,
or captured
abandon
give up
impact
effect or influence
habeas corpus
a legal order for an inquiry to
determine whether a person has
been lawfully imprisoned
draft
the selection of persons for military
service
bounty
money given as a reward, such as to
encourage enlistment in the army
greenback
a piece of U.S. paper money first
issued by the North during the Civil
War
inflation
a continuous rise in the price of goods
and services
distribute
give out
substitute
replacement
entrenched
occupying a strong defensive position
siege
military blockade
nevertheless
however
encounter
to come upon; meet
total war
war on all aspects of the enemy’s life
resistance
an opposing force
series
a number of events coming in order
interpret
to explain the meaning of
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