Transcript PPT regarding Reconstruction era in the United States

Today’s Learning Agenda
• Please take out the packet you received from me yesterday
about Post Civil War Reconstruction because we will continue
working on it today. Remember that is due by the start of
class on Monday 11/19.
• Watch next portion of the Aftershock series.
• Listen carefully during brief guided lecture. I will assist you in
understanding the answers for questions 10-13.
• Continue on with the packet on your own with another
student.
• Stay focused on the tasks I have created for you so may have
success. If you require assistance please ask me for it.
The Post War Reconstruction Era
I CAN analyze the political, economic, and social impact
of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons
why Reconstruction came to an end.
I CAN evaluate the degree to which the Civil
War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of
the supremacy of the national government.
Michael Quiñones, NBCT
www.socialstudiesguy.com
What does RECONSTRUCTION mean?
• At the end of the U.S. Civil War the United States was split into
two and basically destroyed.
• After the Confederacy’s surrender President Lincoln wanted to
rebuild and reconstruct the nation. Reconstruction=Rebuilding.
Aftershock Discussion Questions [Part 1]
[with the student next to you, for 2 minutes, discuss the following
questions and be prepared to share with the rest of the class]
Click link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIC8ifQlDVY
• Why do you believe the slave master in the opening
scene used such brutality with his freed slaves?
• Since the slaves in the opening scene outnumbered the
slave master why didn’t they just simply “rush” him?
• Why do you believe the federal government ordered an
official period of mourning after President Lincoln died?
• Why do you believe the woman confronted by the
Union troops decided to hang herself rather than
comply with the official period of mourning ?
Aftershock Discussion Questions [Part 2]
[with the student next to you, for 2 minutes, discuss the following
questions and be prepared to share with the rest of the class]
Click link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=si0QubYTWQ&feature=relmfu
• Who were the Radical Republicans and why would they
be so hated by southerners?
• What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
• Why wasn’t President Johnson as big of a supporter of
equal rights for freed black as Lincoln?
• What were the worst effects of the Black codes on
black people in the South? [Use specific examples to
support your response]
Aftershock Discussion Questions [Part 3]
[with the student next to you, for 2 minutes, discuss the following
questions and be prepared to share with the rest of the class]
Click link
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXUc0zXbUHY&feature=relmfu
• What did the march on the Mechanics’ Institute say about
the beliefs of the black Civil War veterans who marched?
• How could the actions of ex-Confederate protestors best
be described?
• Explain your opinion about the Union commander’s
decision to declare martial law (complete military control)
in New Orleans and if you believe it was justified based on
what you saw.
Macro Concepts
• Conflict-Issues/problems that
can lead to fighting without
compromise.
• Reform-The ability to change
something for the better.
• Power-Authority to control
usually by law.
• Change-Transformation of
something from one thing to
another.
Micro Concepts
• Citizenship-The status,
protection and privilege
connected to the members of a
nation.
• Nationalism-An extreme sense of
pride, patriotism and loyalty to a
nation.
• Sectionalism-Connection and
loyalty to a certain region of a
nation [ex. South and North].
Reconstruction Plans
 Lincoln’s Plan of Reconstruction-In order to
reconcile with the South Lincoln suggested
the 10 percent plan which allowed
Confederate states back into the Union if 10
% of the voters swore allegiance to the
Union. All Southerners were granted
amnesty except high ranking members of
the Confederacy.
 Thaddeus Stevens’ Congressional Plan of
Reconstruction-Called a Radical Republican
because he and his supporters wanted to
prevent former Confederates from
regaining power. His plan forced Southern
states to accept black voting rights by
passing the 14th and 15th Amendments .
 Johnson’s Plan of Reconstruction-Built on
Lincoln’s Plan and required [A] a loyalty
oath [B] excluded high ranking
Confederates [C] Southern states had to
ratify 13th Amendment.
Freedmen’s Bureau
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was created immediately after the end of the Civil War. It
was a federal government agency funded by tax money.
• The mission of the agency was to create homes and places for displaced slaves to
live.
• Freed slaves were given land abandoned by former Southern slave holders.
• Schools were created for freed slaves, job training and education was made
available for the newly freed slaves.
President Johnson’s Impeachment
•
•
•
•
Tenure of Office Act-A law passed by Congress in 1866 to prevent the President of the
United States from having the power to fire government officials without the approval of the
U.S. Senate.
The law was passed despite Johnson’s veto.
Johnson fired his Secretary of War in defiance of the Tenure of Office Act [the firing was not
approved by the Senate].
An impeachment trial was held but the Senate voted not to remove the president by one
vote.
Carpetbaggers, Scalawags and the Ku Klux Klan
• Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came South to take advantage of economic
opportunities. The term was considered negative because they were hated by
Southerners who felt exploited [used and taken advantage of].
• Scalawags were Southerners who complied with federal laws and were considered
traitors to fellow Southerners because they supported Reconstruction.
• As a reaction to federal pressure to give equal rights and freedoms to blacks a
terror group called the Ku Klux Klan formed to threaten and reverse gains made by
freed blacks.
Black Codes
• As a measure of retaliation and in response to the Union’s strict
reconstruction requirements Southern states passed racist, antiblack laws.
• Free blacks had strict restrictions placed on them in the work place,
job training, schools and in ordinary situations such as walking on
public sidewalks which was forbidden.
Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmers
• Freed slaves usually had very few job skills other than farming because they had
mostly been farm hands.
• Because many free blacks did not own their own land they were forced to
become sharecroppers or tenant farmers. These jobs kept free blacks in
poverty.
• Sharecroppers-farm an owner’s land and give a large share [percentage] of
crops as rental payment.
• Tenant farmers-same as above but the farmer also lives on the landlord’s land.
Jim Crow Laws
• In order to preserve the worst parts of the Southern culture [way of
life] racist laws were passed to segregate [separate] blacks and
whites in public places.
• Blacks who tried to use public facilities such as water fountains, buses
and schools could be arrested and fined. Some times violators were
lynched [kidnapped and hanged without trial by angry mobs of
people].
Solid South/Southern Democrats
• Because of hatred toward Lincoln
and Grant voters in the South
rejected Republican candidates after
the Civil War.
• Democrats could rely on Southern
votes in both state and national
elections.
• Every presidential election from
1876 to 1948 went solidly
Democratic [Southern states only
voted for Democrats].
• Extremely negative features of the
Solid South were segregation and
Jim Crow laws.
The Grandfather Clause
• In general, a Grandfather
clause is an exception that
allows an old rule that was
changed to apply in certain
new circumstances.
• In the South during the late
1800s even though the 15th
Amendment granted voting
rights to all blacks certain
states passed racist voting laws
to prevent them from voting.
• Some laws stated that if your
grandfather ,who was a slave,
had not been able vote
neither could you. Even if you
were a free man!
MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION
• Because there was a lot of disagreement in the U.S. Congress and still desire for
Southern rebellion Lincoln installed military rule throughout the South.
• The South was separated into 5 military districts with appointed Military governors
who controlled each region.
• Resentment, shame and hard feelings arose in the heart of many Southerners who
believed they were again being oppressed by the Union.
13TH AMENDMENT
• One week before President Lincoln was
assassinated the 13th Amendment passed the
U.S. House of Representatives.
• One year later the 13th Amendment was added
to the U.S. Constitution.
• The 13th Amendment banned, prohibited and
forbade slavery within the United States and its
Western territories.
14TH AMENDMENT
• In 1868 the 14th Amendment was added to the U.S. Constitution in order to
provide equal protection to all citizens under the law.
• The intent of this law was to ban discrimination against people who at one
time were slaves and to destroy racist state laws such as the Grandfather
Clause.
• It took nearly 100 years for the full effect of 14th Amendment to take place
because of numerous court challenges.
15TH AMENDMENT
• In 1870 the 15th Amendment
prohibited voting discrimination.
• The specific language stated that
voting rights could not be
restricted based on race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.
• Voting rights could only be
restricted based on minimum age
and criminal convictions.
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
• This federal law banned discrimination against
all people with the exception of some same
Native-American tribes.
• The purpose of the law was to combat racism
and discrimination.
ELECTION OF 1866
• Elections throughout the United States
centered around whether to support or
reject Reconstruction.
• Radical Republicans wanted to continue
military occupation in the South.
Southern Democrats wanted to
continue Jim Crow laws.
• President Johnson wanted a lenient
Reconstruction Plan.
• The Republican party [not the radicals]
won most of the elections but military
occupation lasted only a few years
longer.
Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877
•
U.S. citizens were mostly fed up with the
ineptitude of President Grant and the
depressed economy.
•
The alleged corruption and suspected scandals
committed by Grant’s administration had
soured American voters.
•
New York Governor Samuel E. Tilden [a
“Yankee”]the democratic candidate opposed
former Confederate General [Southerner]
Rutherford B. Hayes.
•
Tilden actually won the popular vote but due to
Southern violence and pressure from railroad
companies a deal was struck to give the
presidency to Hayes in exchange for White
House patronage [jobs]. Hayes lasted one term
as president.
Samuel E. Tilden
Rutherford B. Hayes
Choice Assignment: Choose and complete one of the following assignments
[1] Draft a letter as Lincoln’s
secretary convincing the U.S.
that military Reconstruction
is necessary.
[4] Create a 6-panel cartoon strip
describing the Compromise
of 1877.
[2] Create a poster supporting
the passage or rejection of
the 13th Amendment.
[5] Create a list of at least 5 racist
incidents that occurred and
led to the Civil Rights Act of
1866 being passed.
[3] Create a poster demanding to
bring the Grandfather Clause
back to undermine the 15th
Amendment.
[6] Write a personal letter to
Congress thanking them or
complementing them for the
14th Amendment.
Image Sources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.suite101.com/content/lincolns-proclamation-of-amnesty-a115216
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thaddeus_Stevens_-_Brady-Handy-color-crop.jpg
http://www.bluegrayreview.com/2011/02/05/senator-johnson-takes-aim/
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-civilwar/8.0
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/slavery/freedmen.jpg
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/image/Johnson_Impeachment_Trial.htm
http://quiltinganation.blogspot.com/2008/03/jim-crow-laws.html
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Image:1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg
http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/a/a5/Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg
http://alpharettaushistory.pbworks.com/w/page/12321927/Economic-History
http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Freedmen_Voting__South_Carolina__1868.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Whiskeyring.jpg
•
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:McCutcheonMysteriousStrange.jpg
http://198.62.75.1/www1/terras/TScpreco.jpg