Transcript 12-1 Presidential Reconstruction

Presidential
Reconstruction
Chapter 12 Section 1
Objective:
• Analyze the steps it would take
America to truly reconstruct the
nation
The War’s Aftermath
• Forever Changed
– _________ Toll on the South:
• 2/3 ________ and 9,000 miles of ___
were destroyed
• Farmland, buildings and machinery
were devoured
• Work animals and 1/3 of all livestock
were lost
– The value of Southern farm
property had plunged _____
The War’s Aftermath
– The Human Toll
• Destroyed a _______
– 1/5 of Southern adult white
men
– 1 of 3 southern men were
killed or wounded
– Countless civilian deaths
through ______ ____ tactics
Southerner’s Hardships
• Three Groups of Southerners
– 1. _____ Southerners
– 2. ___________ Owners
– 3._____ White Southerners
Two Reconstruction Plans
• New focus of the nation: rebuilding
their lives
– Tough Questions:
• How and when should the southern states
be allowed to resume their role in the
Union?
• Should the South be punished for their
actions, or be forgiven and allowed to
recover quickly?
• Would Freedmen have equal rights? And if
so how would those rights be protected?
• Did the Civil War itself point out a need for
a stronger federal gov’t?
Lincoln’s Plan
• 1863: The 10% Plan (very forgiving of
the South)—see page 426
• 1. Pardon for __________ and ___________
• 2. Denied ________ to those who killed
African American POWs
• 3. After 10% of voters swore allegiance to the
_______, that state could hold a
____________ convention
• 4. States could then hold _________ and
resume full participation in the Union
– Did not
• require new constitutions to give _____
voting rights
• “readmit” the states
Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural
Address, March 1865
• “With malice toward none; with
charity for all; with firmness in
the right, as God gives us to see
the right, let us strive on to finish
the work we are in; to bind up
the nation’s wounds…to do all
which may achieve and cherish
a just, and a lasting peace,
among ourselves and with all
nations.”
Congressional Reaction
• Lincoln’s plan was a threat
– Fear of loss authority
– ________ Republicans:
• Reconstruction should guarantee
blacks true _______
• Lincoln was too lenient
• Wade-Davis Act (July, 1864)
– Lincoln let it die in pocket veto
Johnson’s Plan
• Presidential Reconstruction (page 427 )
• 1.) Pardon in exchange for __________ to the
Union
• 2.) Permitted each state to hold a __________
convention (without Lincoln’s 10% acceptance)
• 3) States must void secession, abolish _______,
and ratify the _____ Amendment
• 4) States could then hold ________ and resume
participation in the Union
– More Generous than Lincoln’s
• officially denied pardons to
all ____________ leaders
The Taste of Freedom
– Freedom of Movement:
•.
– Freedom to Own land
•.
– Freedom to Worship
•.
•.
– Freedom to Learn
•.
•.
The Freedmen’s Bureau
• Congress creation to help
blacks adjust to freedom
– Lacked Congressional support
• Only lasted until ______
• Gave aid to black and white
war _________
• Provided _________ for blacks
• Redistributed confiscated _____
– Johnson returned the land, leaving the black farmers
landless
In Review:
• What condition was the South in
following the Civil War?
• How were Lincoln and Johnson’s
Reconstructions similar?
– Different?
• How did the newly freed slaves
begin to rebuild their lives?