Transcript Civil War I
CIVIL WAR STARTS Secession Crisis First Shot fired Union Confederacy First Battles Secession Crisis • Lincoln elected president Nov. 1860, – S. Carolina calls a convention on secession • Dec. 20: S. Carolina conventions votes – to leave the Union: “sectional party w/ a – a president hostile to slavery” was elected. • Feb: Six more Deep South states join– Alabama, Miss, Florida, LA, Georgia, TX • Crittenden Compromise: 1) extend 36 30 – Line, 2) protect slavery in the South forever. • Lincoln Rejects it: sectional mistrust Abraham Lincoln: 1861-1865 First Shot Fired • Lincoln’s Inaugural: compromise possible, – Appeal to our “better angels” • Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861): Lincoln sends navy w/ food supplies, South fires first shot. • Four More States Join Confederacy: VA, – N. Carolina, Arkansas, Tenn. • Four Border states do not join: Kentucky, – Missouri, Maryland, Delaware • Why they Fought? South had to protect – slavery, nationalism, resentment, ideology, – State’s rights v. democracy Fort Sumter: April 14, 1861 Northern Advantage • Larger: 19 states, 20 million population • Industrial: 10x man production, 20x iron – production, 32x arms production • Railroads: network through all North • Navy: 90% of all ship yards • Money: larger tax base, more investors, – Sold bonds, printed money South: Strength & Weakness • King Cotton: 3/4 off world’s cotton supply – Europe will come to our aid? • Defensive War: supply easier, moral high, – Know the land, can pick battles • Better fighters: farmers and hunters? • Bad railroads, little man. production • No money: hyper inflation by 1864 • No food, no navy, state’s rights • Better Generals! Confederation: 11 States • Confederate Constitution: Richmond, – State’s rights, slavery protected, no tariff, – President 6 year term, no internal improve • Jefferson Davis: West Point, Mexican War – Humane slave owner, pushed to indust South, Led army & gov, could not delegate, angry, – Could not face criticism, bad appointments • Conscription: 20 or more slaves exempt Jefferson Davis Union: 19 and 4 border States • Lincoln: good leader, compromised, • Winfield Scott: Anaconda Plan • George McClellan: “Young Napoleon” – Good administrator, could not take action • Mobilization: Congress calls 500,000 • First Bull Run (July 21, 1861): spectators – Union disaster, “Stonewall” Jackson – This is going to be real war George McClellan Monitor v. the Virginian McClellan at Yorktown: 3/1862 First Battles • War in the West: Mississippi battle ships • Shiloh (April, 1862): Grant gets demoted • New Orleans: Farragut captures port city • Peninsula Attack on Richmond: – McClellan hesitates at Yorktown – Union loses at the Battle of Seven Pines