Transcript Day 5 2012 Lincoln`s war

Monday, 9/24 – Lecture 5: Lincoln’s War
Political Manifestation of Sectional Tension on the National Level
Why a Republ. Victory in 1860? Pol. Backgrnd.– rise of new parties/end 2nd party syst.
Trouble for the Democrats in the 1850s
Stephen Douglas’s complicated road to a presidential nomination
Kansas-Nebraska 1856
Freeport Doctrine [Freeport, IL] – 1858 – Illinois Senate Campaign
Envisioning Extremists at the Gate
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA [1859]
1860 election campaign – FOUR candidates, dividing established pools of voters
]
Response to Lincoln’s election – The Process of Secession
Secession – was it legal? Where did it flourish?
Legitimizing it: Creation of the Confederacy (Feb 1861) – Montgomery, AL
The View from the Union
from the Lincoln Administration – “Masterly Inactivity”
from Congress – Attempts at Compromise
[first] 13th Amendment / Crittenden Compromise
The Sumter Crisis: Lincoln’s Inauguration [3/4/61] Attack on the Fort [4/12/61]
Provisioning the Charleston Fort – options – “Star of the West” January ‘61
April 1861 – who is the aggressor?
Importance of Sumter -- For South / For North / The Middle?
Stephen Douglas
IL Senator – Head of Senate
Committee on Territories
Popular Sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Act
“If we will only act conscientiously and rigidly upon this great principle of
popular sovereignty, which guarantees to each State and Territory the right to
do as it pleases on all things, local and domestic, instead of Congress interfering,
we will continue at peace one with another . . . Under that principle we have
become, from a feeble nation, the most powerful on the face of the earth, and if we
only adhere to that principle, we can go forward increasing in territory, in power, in
strength and in glory until the Republic of America shall be the North Star that shall
guide the friends of freedom throughout the civilized world.”– Senator Stephen
Douglas,1858
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858 Senatorial Election
Freeport Doctrine – “slavery cannot exist a day or an hour
anywhere unless supported by local police regulations”
Interpretation: Slavery as unnatural institution, needing
unnatural protection
Monday, 9/24 – Lecture 5: Lincoln’s War
Political Manifestation of Sectional Tension on the National Level
Why a Republ. Victory in 1860? Pol. Backgrnd.– rise of new parties/end 2nd party syst.
Trouble for the Democrats in the 1850s
Stephen Douglas’s complicated road to a presidential nomination
Kansas-Nebraska 1856
Freeport Doctrine [Freeport, IL] – 1858 – Illinois Senate Campaign
Envisioning Extremists at the Gate
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA [1859]
1860 election campaign – FOUR candidates, dividing established pools of voters
]
Response to Lincoln’s election – The Process of Secession
Secession – was it legal? Where did it flourish?
Legitimizing it: Creation of the Confederacy (Feb 1861) – Montgomery, AL
The View from the Union
from the Lincoln Administration – “Masterly Inactivity”
from Congress – Attempts at Compromise
[first] 13th Amendment / Crittenden Compromise
The Sumter Crisis: Lincoln’s Inauguration [3/4/61] Attack on the Fort [4/12/61]
Provisioning the Charleston Fort – options – “Star of the West” January ‘61
April 1861 – who is the aggressor?
Importance of Sumter -- For South / For North / The Middle?
Monday, 9/24 – Lecture 5: Lincoln’s War
Political Manifestation of Sectional Tension on the National Level
Why a Republ. Victory in 1860? Pol. Backgrnd.– rise of new parties/end 2nd party syst.
Trouble for the Democrats in the 1850s
Stephen Douglas’s complicated road to a presidential nomination
Kansas-Nebraska 1856
Freeport Doctrine [Freeport, IL] – 1858 – Illinois Senate Campaign
Envisioning Extremists at the Gate
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA [1859]
1860 election campaign – FOUR candidates, dividing established pools of voters
]
Response to Lincoln’s election – The Process of Secession
Secession – was it legal? Where did it flourish?
Legitimizing it: Creation of the Confederacy (Feb 1861) – Montgomery, AL
The View from the Union
from the Lincoln Administration – “Masterly Inactivity”
from Congress – Attempts at Compromise
[first] 13th Amendment / Crittenden Compromise
The Sumter Crisis: Lincoln’s Inauguration [3/4/61] Attack on the Fort [4/12/61]
Provisioning the Charleston Fort – options – “Star of the West” January ‘61
April 1861 – who is the aggressor?
Importance of Sumter -- For South / For North / The Middle?
Lame Duck President James Buchanan does nothing.
President Elect
can do nothing.
THE STEAMSHIP "STAR OF THE WEST.“
From Harper’s Weekly, January 19, 1861
Jefferson Davis & Alexander Stephens
Confederate Leaders 1861
Lincoln on his
way to
Washington.
March 1861
Proposed 13th Amendment [1860/61]:
No amendment shall be made to the Constitution
which will authorize or give to Congress the power
to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the
domestic institutions thereof, including that of
persons held to labor or service by the laws of said
State.
13th Amendment [1865]:
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Crittenden Compromise in the Senate [John Crittenden of Ky]
“A joint resolution (S. No. 50) proposing certain amendments to the Constitution of the
United States.” from the Congressional Globe, December 18, 1860.
“Whereas serious and alarming dissensions have arisen between the northern and southern
states, concerning the rights and security of the rights of the slaveholding States, and
especially their rights in the common territory of the United States; and whereas it is
eminently desirable and proper that these dissensions, which now threaten the very existence
of this Union, should be permanently quieted and settled by constitutional provisions, which
shall do equal justice to all sections, and thereby restore to all the people that peace and
good-will which ought to prevail between all the citizens of the United States: Therefore,
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, (two thirds of both Houses concurring,) That the following articles be,
and are hereby, proposed and submitted as amendments to the Constitution of the United
States,. . .” Congress shall:
• prohibit slavery in national territory north of 36-30
• allow its establishment and protection by federal government
SOUTH of that line.
• Allow future states, N OR S of 36-30, to enter the Union w/ or
w/out slavery as they chose.
• Prevent Congress from abolishing slavery in places under national
jurisdiction surrounded by slave states.
• Compensate owners in communities where intimidation prevented
federal officials from arresting fugitive slaves
• Enforce the fugitive slave law
• Nullify personal liberty laws in the North
Fort Sumter – attacked 4/12/61
-- surrendered 4/14/61