Transcript Civil War 1861

Civil War 1861-1865
PERSIA
North
• Politics
• Economics
• Religion?
• Social
• Intellectual
• Arts
South
• Politics
• Economics
• Religion?
• Social
• Intellectual
• Arts
Advantages & Disadvantages
• North
• South
Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Extensive railroad network
Strong industrial base
Superior Navy
Larger population
Abundant supply of food
Disadvantages:
1. Shortage of experienced &
skilled military commanders
2. A divided population that
did not fully support the war
Advantages:
• 1. A defensive war fought on
their home territory
• A long coastline that would be
difficult to blockade
• 3. An important cash crop in
cotton
• 4. A group of experienced
and skilled military
commanders
• 5. A close economic
relationship with Great Britain
Disadvantages:
1. A smaller population than
the North
2. A smaller industrial base
than the North
Border States
• Importance:
– Strategic
location
– Important
industrial and
agricultural
resources
Key border
states=
Kentucky and
Maryland
Battles & leaders •
• Key battle to know=
Antietam
– Why?
– This Union victory
persuaded England and
France to remain neutral.
While both European
powers saw advantages in
a divided America, they
followed a cautious policy
toward both the North and
South
– This Union victory enabled
Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation
HINT
– APUSH writers generally
ignore the battles and
leaders of the Civil War.
Need to remember
Antietam for sure though.
But…150 year anniversary
of Civil War was last
year…sometimes that
makes a difference
Turning Points
Vicksburg
– West
– Siege of city
– Took Mississippi River and split Confederacy
Gettysburg
-Confederate move into North again
-most crucial battle & bloodiest
-South CAN be beat & never regain offensive again
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln delayed issuing it because he didn’t
want to antagonize the slave owners in the
border states
• North originally went to war to preserve the
Union. The EP strengthens the Union’s moral
cause
• The EP rallied anti-slavery support in England
and France
• The EP did NOT free slaves in the border states
• The EP freed only slaves in the Confederate
states that were still in rebellion
HINT- It is important to focus on what the EP did and did not do. It did
Significantly enhance the Union’s moral cause. However, it did not actually
free a single slave. Much stronger on proclamation than on emancipation.
Slavery was legally abolished by the 13th Amendment.
•
Key Political Actions-put the “P” in
PERSIA!
Congressional Actions
– National banking system to
provide a uniform national
currency
– Chartered two
corporations- the Union
Pacific RR and Central
Pacific RR- to build a
transcontinental RR
connecting Omaha, NE
with Sacramento, CA
– Homestead Act of 1862offered cheap & sometimes
free land to people who
would settle West and
improve the land
– Passes high tariffs to
protect American industry
from foreign competition
• Expansion of Presidential
Power
• Lincoln found the war
required active & prompt
presidential action
• Lincoln suspended the
writ of habeas corpus for
everyone living between
D.C. and Philly
• Decide whether you think
justified? National
security? Abuse of
power?
Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment- 1865
15th Amendment- 1870
*Abolished slavery &
involuntary servitude
*amendment provided
suffrage for black males
*Completed the work of the EP
*stirred controversy
among women’s rights
advocates….
14th Amendment- 1868
*Made former slaves citizens,
invalidating the Dred Scott
decision
*Provided equal protection of
the laws for all citizens
*Enforced congressional
legislation guaranteeing civil
rights to former slaves
*but some supported it
like Lucy Stone, Julia
Ward Howe & Frederick
Douglas
*others opposed like
Susan B. Anthony,
Elizabeth Cady Stantontried for universal suffrage
amendment-failed
Radical Reconstruction
• Causes:
– Former Confederates
elected to Congress
– Black codes enacted
in South
– Race riots in New
Orleans & Memphis
– Attempts in the South
to undermine the 14th
Amendment
• Programs, Policies and
Achievements:
– Military occupation of South
permitted
– Punishment of Confederate
leaders became policy
– Restrictions placed on power
of President Andrew Johnson
– House of Rep impeached
Johnson because he
obstructed enforcement of the
Reconstruction Acts
Achievements
-Public school systems in the
South were improved
-African Americans were elected
to the House & Senate
Plight of African Americans
• From slaves to
sharecroppers:
– Majority of freedmen
entered sharecropping
arrangements with their
former masters
– Sharecropping led to a
cycle of debt & depression
for Southern tenant farmers
– Freedmen DID NOT
receive 40 acres & a mule
in the South- where?
• Black Codes:
– Codes passed by Southern
state legislatures
– Intended to place limits on
the socioeconomic
opportunities & freedoms
open to Black people
– The codes forced Black
Americans to work under
conditions that closely
resembled slavery
– Jim Crow segregation to
follow quickly to separate
races