Transcript Unit 5 - River Mill Academy

Unit 5
Day 36: Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation
 Border states: Union states that
permitted slavery
 Delivered after Antietam (Turning point
victory for Union)
 EP “freed no slaves” b/c Lincoln did
not control Confederacy
 Est new goal for Union, re-est morale,
abolition!
 North now had great moral cause,
foreign gov’ts had to support
 Eventually EP leads to proposal and
ratification of 13th amendment
(formally abolished slavery)
Slaves in the border states that remained in the Union, shown in
dark brown, were excluded from the Emancipation Proclamation, as
were slaves in the Confederate areas already held by Union forces
(shown in yellow).
Emancipation Proclamation
…And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do
order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said
designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward
shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United
States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will
recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons…
And I further declare and make known, that such persons of
suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of
the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and
other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,
warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke
the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of
Almighty God…
--Abraham Lincoln
War Behind the Lines
 Copperheads: “peace” Democrats
 Thwarted Lincoln’s leadership initiatives
 Davis: President of a “states rights”
Confederacy
 Hard to est centralized power…
 Economic Differences
 North: 80% inflation, South: 9000% inflation
 Physical destruction in South
 Mass poverty and despair
 Women:
 Plow fields, nurses, government, workers
Wartime Diplomacy
 1863 Union blockade of Conf ports =
Cotton famine in Europe (75%+ cotton
from South)
 South needed fast ships, Britain happy
to build
 France (Napoleon III) want cotton
and presence in Mexico
 Over ½ of British grain imported from
Union
 Kept England from alliance w/
Confed
CW Diplomacy
 Fr/Eng could not openly support a
nation that embraced slavery
 South never won a decisive
victory
 Lincoln and Secr of State (Seward)
work to keep Brit neutral
 Late 1864 Davis proposed to release
southern slaves if British recognizes
Confederacy…
Northern Home Front
 Wartime high production: Iron, coal, ships
 Traffic on Erie Canal and RR’s rose
 Stockholders got rich, buy silk, jewelry
 Caused public outrage
 Workers salaries shrink b/c inflation
 Dorothea Dix: 1st superintendent of women nurses
 Clara Barton: nurse during war, founded Red Cross
 Resentment of draft
 Quotas for each state, armies keep protesters in
order
 Conscription: mandatory draft, caused riots
(Irish in NYC)
Southern Home Front
 Shortage: wool clothes, shoes, $
 Salt went from 65c per 200lb bag to $60 for 18lb
 Wheat, flour, corn meal, meat, iron, tin, copper =
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too expensive for families
Profiteers: buy up store goods, sell at higher price
Food Riots: in Mobile, AL and Richmond, VA
Sally Tompkins: served in military hospital, Captain
Draft: can hire substitute, exempt if owned 20 slaves
 “Rich Man’s War, Poor Man’s Fight”
James Seddon: Secr of War of Conf. 1863
 Couldn’t account for 1/3 of army, desertion
Smugglers
 Women & kids in Confederacy
 Smuggled quinine and morphine
from North to South
 Hid medicines in dolls
 Also gave messages
Election of 1864
 Lincoln nearly defeated (1st reelected since AJ)
 emancipation = issue for many northerners
 Suspension of writ of Habeus Corpus
 Ruled unconstitutional by Taney, Lincoln

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ignored
Union victories: Gettysburg, Vicksburg
 South comes back, kill 65K Union by summer
1864
 Grant called “The Butcher”
Democratic Party splits (Dems vs Peace Dems)
 Regular Dems nominate McClellan
Sept 6, 1864: Sherman seized ATL, Northern
winning
Lincoln wins popular vote, electoral: 212 to 21
Finish Civil War Chart
 Show me when finished, you do not need to email it
 Please Bring your AP Workbooks on Thursday!
 Assignment in book after the test
 Start reviewing on your own for the AP Exam.
Everything up to Period 5 should be learned,
understood, and applied to every test and
assignment. All tests after Period 5 will be cumulative.