Transcript North South - Humble ISD

...but one of them would make war rather
than let the nation survive,
and the other would accept war rather than let
it perish, and the war came.
Abraham Lincoln, 4 March 1865
BACKGROUND TO CIVIL WAR
The Civil War was a war between the states of the North
against the states of the South. It was the greatest war
in American history. 3 million soldiers fought - 600,000
died, making this war the heaviest of casualties in all of
history.
CONCEPT OF THE UNION
 The United States had been a slave holding
nation from its beginnings
 Southerners felt that Slave Ownership was a
right that could not be taken away by the
federal government
 The U.S. Constitution never dealt with the
issue of “Slavery”
CONCEPT OF THE UNION
 Many southerners based their argument for
slavery on the idea of states’ rights.
 States’ Rights is the belief that the Federal
government should not interfere with the states’
exercise of their constitutional powers
ANTEBELLUM AMERICA
 The North and South greatly differed politically
by the 1850s, but there were many similarities.
 Both sections of the country were still dominated
by Agriculture


North – small individual farms that grew wheat
South – larger farms and plantations that grew
cotton
ANTEBELLUM AMERICA
 Most of the country was still rural, although
many cities are starting to grow
 In the Northeast, industry and business are
starting to grow and dominate the economy.
 Cotton is still the most important National
Export.
ANTEBELLUM AMERICA
 There is a long standing pride in the
American Revolution and creation of the
nation
 Manifest Destiny brings a stronger sense of
pride to both parts of the country, but also
leads to the sectional divide between North
and South
ANTEBELLUM POPULATION
 27 million whites counted in the 1860
census
 19 million whites lived in the North
 500,000 African-Americans lived in the
North.
ANTEBELLUM POPULATION
 8 million whites lived in the slave owning
states of the South.
 390,000 owned slaves
ANTEBELLUM POPULATION
 4 million African-Americans lived in the South
 3.75 Million were slaves
 261,988 were free usually in urban centers like
New Orleans
 over 3000 free African-Americans owned slaves
themselves
 Restrictions on free African-Americans were
severe, however. They could not move from one
state to another.
NORTHERN INDUSTRY
 Many resources
 Coal, iron,
 Fast rivers + falls = lots
of power
 Many manufacturing
areas
 Inventions self-created
NORTHERN FARMS
 Land poor quality
 small farms possible
 Hire farm hands
 Many farmers own a little
land each
 Immigrants provide labor
pool
SOUTHERN INDUSTRY
 Few resources
 Land major resource
 Slow rivers+ few falls =
little power
 Few manufacturing areas
 Inventions imported
SOUTHERN
 75% are subsistence
farmers
 Few people own most
land
 “King Cotton” cash crop
 Slaves are labor pool
 Slave-based-economy
SOUTHERN SLAVE BASED ECONOMY
 Land rich
 Large farms possible
 Own labor pool
 Slaves provide labor
pool
 Most products needed
produced on the
plantation
SOUTHERN SOCIETY IN 1850S
Upper Class
Many slaves
Middle Class
Had Few Slaves
Lower Middle Class
Had 1 or 2 Slaves
Lower Class – Had No Slaves
Slaves
Compare and Contrast
Using the information we have discussed in class,
create a Venn Diagram to compare the North and
the South.
A = Differences of the North
B = Differences of the South
C = What the North and South have in common
EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR
 Compromise of 1850
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Dred Scott Decision
 John Brown’s Raid
 Presidential Election of 1860
I. EVENTS LEADING TO CIVIL WAR
A. Compromise of 1850
1. California was admitted to US as a free state
2. Popular sovereignty (voting) in Utah and New
Mexico Territories
3. Slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C.
4. Fugitive Slave Law (all runaway slaves be returned
to their masters) passed by Congress
5. Political parties grew stronger
6. Discussions of succession and disunion
7. Abolitionists stepped up work
B. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852)
1. Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
2. Told of slave suffering in south
3. Book banned in South
4. Sold more copies than any other
book in America besides the Bible
C. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
1. Congress allows states’ to
use popular sovereignty (vote)
2. Fighting for almost 10 years
between abolitionists and proslavery, Bleeding Kansas
O.P.T.I.C.
On a sheet of notebook paper, answer the following
questions:
O – Overview – What is the picture? What is going
On?
P – Parts – Pick out 5 specific details
T – What is the title? If one is not listed, make one up
that relates to picture
I – Interrelationship – look at the title, why did it get the
title it has or why did you give it the title you did?
C – Conclusion – Of all the pictures I could have
shown, why this one?
The artist lays on the Democrats
the major blame for violence
against antislavery settlers in
Kansas in the wake of the
Kansas-Nebraska Act. Here a
bearded "freesoiler“ (Someone who
opposed slavery in the new territories
and sometimes worked to remove
existing laws that discriminated against
freed African Americans)has been
bound to the "Democratic
Platform" and is restrained by
presidential nominee James
Buchanan and Democratic
senator Lewis Cass. Democratic
senator Stephen A. Douglas and
president Franklin Pierce, also
shown as tiny figures, force a
black man into the giant's gaping
mouth. The freesoiler's head
rests on a platform marked
"Kansas," "Cuba," and "Central
America," probably referring to
Democratic ambitions for the
extension of slavery.
In the background left is a scene
of burning and pillage; on the
right a dead man hangs from a
tree.
D. DRED SCOTT DECISION IN 1857
1. Should a slave that had been
transported into a free state be
free?
2. Supreme Court ruled slaves
were property and not citizens,
no matter where in the US
E. John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry - 1859
1. Abolitionist wanted to start armed slave
revolt
2. Seized U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia
3. Defeated by U.S. marines, led by Robert
E. Lee
4. Unsuccessful, Brown executed
**see
video
Use O.P.T.I.C. to analyze this picture.
F. 1860 Election of Abraham Lincoln
1. Republican president
2. Many southern states threatened to
secede
3. South Carolina and
other southern states
secede – 11 states total
secede
4. 1861 – Confederate
States of America form,
President Jefferson Davis
Strengths and Weaknesses of North and South
North
South
Population
22 million (71%)
9 million (29%)
Bank Deposits
81%
19%
Railroad mileage
72%
28%
Factories
85%
15%
Number of States
23
11
Men 15 – 40
4 million
1.14 million
Leadership
Number of commanders
had serious weakness
including lack of
aggressiveness
Number of very able
commanders
Type of War
Mainly OFFENSIVE on
unfamiliar ground
Mainly DEFENSIVE on
home ground
Naval Power
40 ship U.S. navy, very
large merchant marine
Almost no sea power, very
small merchant marine
II.
Causes of Civil War
A. Slavery
1. North opposed
2. Southern economy depended on it
B. Tariff
1. Industrialized north had high protective tariff
2. Agricultural south opposed import tax
C. States’ Rights
1. South believed each state had right to decide to
follow federal laws
2. North believed supreme power rested in
federal government
3. South thought they had right to secede
4. North believed Union was unbreakable
III. Immediate goals
A. North – restore the Union
B. South
1. Win independence
2. Preserve slavery and Southern way of
life
IV. North’s War Strategy (Anaconda Plan)
A. Blockade the southern coast and cut off
shipping
B. Split the South by seizing control of
Mississippi
C. Capture Confederate capital at Richmond,
Virginia
V. South’s War Strategy
A. Fight defensive war
until North grew tired
B. Seize Washington,
D.C., and strike north
driving wedge between
Northeast and Middle
West
VI. War Begins
A. Fort Sumter,
South Carolina
1861
B. Union
possession of fort
C. South fires
upon fort and starts
the Civil War
Fort Sumter 1861
Fort Sumter 1863
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Notes Quiz:
Background and Causes of the Civil War
Give one characteristic of the North.
Give one characteristic of the South.
What type of farms did the South have?
Which Supreme Court case ruled that slaves
were property and not citizens, no matter where
in the United States they were located?
Why was the Fugitive Slave Act controversial?
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, what year was it
published?
Who was named the President of the
Confederate States of America?
What party was Abraham Lincoln a part of?
Republican or Democrat?
Who led a raid on Harper’s Ferry in Virginia in
1859? What was the end result of the raid?
Give one characteristic that the North and South
shared, how they were similar.
V. South’s War Strategy
A. Fight defensive until the north
grew tired
B. Seize Washington, D.C., strike
north driving wedge between
northeast and Middle West