Transcript CivilWar
The Civil War (1861-1865) WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER SOUTHERN LEADERS CIVIL WAR Jefferson Davis-South PRESIDENT OF CSA Pres. Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee-South COMMANDER GENERAL-Army of Northern Virginia Robert E.Lee (Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force), who urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after Appomattox **STONEWALL JACKSONLee’s right hand man-South NORTHERN LEADERS CIVIL WAR President Abraham LincolnNorth who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary Ulysses Grant-NorthCOMMANDER GENERAL who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed **WILLIAM T. SHERMAN-NORTH GRANT’S RIGHT HAND MAN FREDERICK DOUGLASSNORTH-ABOLITIONIST **FREDERICK DOUGLASSNORTH FORMER SLAVE WHO BECAME A PROMINENT ABOLITIONIST URGED LINCOLN TO RECRUIT FORMER SLAVES TO FIGHT IN THE UNION ARMY CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR BAD LUCK-CAUSES OF WAR B-BEECHER STOWE “UNCLE TOM’S CABIN” A-ABOLITIONISTS D-DISAGREEMENTS-TARIFFS, SLAVERY, STATES RIGHTS L-LOUSY PRESIDENTS-Pierce, Buchanan U-U.S. Supreme Court-Dred Scott Decision C-COMPROMISES FAILED-MO, 1850, KN K-KICKED OFF WAR WITH SECESSION AND FEDERAL TROOPS IN CHARLESTON-LINCOLN ELECTION SECESSION 1861-7 STATES SECEDED BECAUSE LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENTFEARED LINCOLN WOULD ABOLISH SLAVERY SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST. THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA) WAS FORMED *4 STATES WERE SLAVE STATES BUT STAYED IN UNION BORDER STATESMISSOURI,KENTUCKY,MARYLAND, AND DELAWARE AND LATER WEST VIRGINIA **FT. SUMTER,S.C. DETAILS • April 12, 1861-THE SPARK-OPENING CONFRONTATION IN THE CIVIL WAR • VIRGINIA SECEDES-most populated state in the South-followed by 3 other states First Skirmish-SPARK of the Civil War Ft. Sumter,S.C.-April,12,1861 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES BOTH SIDES **North vs. South in 1861 North •People Advantages •Industry •Railroads •Food sources South •Cotton •Justified cause •Good Generals •Access to Mississippi ports •Lack of strong Disadvantages passion for cause •Lack of good generals at the beginning. •Not much Industry •Lack of RR’s STRATEGIES AND COMPARISONS BOTH SIDES **ANACONDA PLAN-NORTH’S STRATEGY UNION BLOCKADE SOUTHERN COASTS GAIN CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND SPLIT CONFEDERACY IN TWO CAPTURE RICHMOND(CAPITAL OF THE CONFEDERACY) The “Anaconda” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan **SOUTH’S STRATEGY STRICTLY DEFENSIVE Rating the North & the South Railroad Lines, 1860 The Union & Confederacy in 1861 Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VA The Confederate Seal MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Irwin McDowell George McClellan Joseph Hooker Ambrose Burnside Ulysses S. Grant George Meade George McClellan, Again! The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee THE WAR BEGINS BULL RUN, VA-JULY 1861 FIRST MAJOR BATTLE **STONEWALL JACKSON GOT HIS NAME HERE IMPORTANCE-UNION REALIZED WOULD NOT BE AN EASILY WON WAR Bull Run bridge The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac MONITOR V MERRIMAC IRONCLAD BATTLE DETAILS 1862-MERRIMAC(CSS VIRGINIA) THE CONFEDERACY THE UNION’S –THE MONITOR FOUGHT IN HAMPTON ROADS WATERS CONSIDERED A DRAW MONITOR IT HOUSED IT’S GUNS IN A REVOLVING TURRET. THE TURRET AND CANNON ARE AT THE MARINER’S MUSEUM IN NEWPORT NEWS,VA Damage on the Deck of the Monitor Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 26,000 casualties **DETAILS OF ANTIETAM,MD 1862- BLOODIEST SINGLE BATTLE IN AMERICAN HISTORY-26,000 DEAD. CONSIDERED A DRAW –BUT THE SOUTH LOST MORE MEN Emancipation in 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation- EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION JANUARY 1, 1863 FAME FOR LINCOLN F-FREED SLAVES IN CONFEDERACY ONLY A-ALLOWED ENLISTMENT AFRICAN AMERICANS M-MADE ABOLISHMENT OF SLAVERY WAR AIM E-ENDED INTERFERENCE FROM FOREIGN NATIONS *WEST VIRGINIA-1863 WESTERN COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA ANTI-SLAVERY - THEY SECEDED AND FORMED WEST VIRGINIA CHANCELLORSVILLE,VA MAY 1863-STONEWALL JACKSON DIED MAJOR LOSS TO THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CONFEDERACY The Road to Gettysburg: 1863 **DETAILS OF GETTYSBURG,PA *JULY 1-3,1863-TURNING POINT OF WAR *THE SOUTHERN ARMY WAS STOPPED HERE LOST TOO MANY MEN 50,000 CASUALTIES Gettysburg Casualties Gettysburg UNION AND CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS *GETTYSBURG ADDRESS-NOV 1863 Lincoln described the war aim now as a struggle to preserve the nation“SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION” “All men are created equal” Government “of the people, by the people, for the people” America is “ONE NATION” not a collection of sovereign states as the South believed. VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPIJULY1863 GRANT TOOK CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN THIS BATTLE Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864 *SHERMAN’S PLAN-1864 TOTAL WAR SCORCHED EARTH Totally destroyed Charleston, S.C. and Atlanta, GA. – the premier cities in the South Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 DETAILS OF SURRENDER APRIL 9, 1865- The last major Confederate Army surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (VA) *Lincoln requested terms be generous: 1. Grant paroled Lee’s officers 2. Let soldiers keep personal possessions, horses and 3 days’ rations 3. Officers permitted to keep side arms *COMMON SOLDIERS HAND TO HAND COMBAT DIARIES AND LETTERS TELL THE STORY PERMANENT DISABILTIES SOUTH-HOMES, FARMLAND DESTROYED African-American Recruiting Poster **AFRICAN AMERICANS IN CIVIL WAR EMANCIPATION ALLOWED FOR ENLISTMENT BY WAR’S END 10% OF UNION ARMY SERVED IN SEGREGATED UNITS-EX. 54TH INFANTRY-GLORY WHEN CAPTURED BY CONFEDERATES-KILLED NOT JAILED The Famous 54th Massachusetts August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw WOMEN IN THE WARCLARA BARTON-started Red Cross **WOMEN’S ROLES MANAGED HOMES AND FAMILIES WITH SCARCE RESOURCES FACED POVERTY AND HUNGER BECAME FARMERS, NURSES, AND WORKED IN WAR INDUSTRIES Casualties on Both Sides Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) **Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth Andrew Johnson (VICE PRESIDENT) becomes President The Assassin John Wilkes Booth The Assassination WANTED~~!! Now He Belongs to the Ages! The Execution ANDREW JOHNSONPresident after Lincoln’s Assassination