Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
1861-1865
Union Leaders
 Abraham Lincoln, President
 Important Generals: George McClellan,
Winfield Scott, William Tecumseh
Sherman
 Commander of All Northern Armies
(1863-1865): Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate Leaders
 Jefferson Davis, President
 Important Generals: Braxton Bragg,
Nathan Bedford Forest, John Bell Hood,
Thomas Stonewall Jackson
 Commander of Northern Army of Virginia:
Robert E. Lee
Union Strategies
 Capture Richmond, the Confederate
Capital
 Split the Confederacy by gaining control
for the Mississippi River
 Blockade the South
Confederate Strategies
 Capture Washington D.C., the Union capital
 Seize control of central Pennsylvania
 Divide the Northwest from the Northeast
 Gain recognition of the Confederacy’s
independent status
Union Advantages

Leadership of Lincoln

Larger population

Military Advantage: 5:2 advantage in available men

Industrial Powermore manufactured goods

Greater wealth

¾ more railroads

2/3 more farm acreage

Controlled shipping
Union Disadvantages
 Weak motivation—not fighting for a personal cause
 Unaggressive officers—didn’t press advantages
 Far from home based—poor communication and long supply lines
 3,500 mile Confederate coastline was hard to blockade
 Vast land—conquer but not hold territory
 European aid to the Confederacy
Confederate Advantages
 Outstanding generals, many from the Mexican War
 Strong military tradition
 Motivation—fighting to preserve a way of life
 Home field advantage
 Rural experiences—skilled with guns and horses
 Cotton exchange on world market for weapons and manufactured
goods
Confederate
Disadvantages
 Autocratic leadership of Jefferson Davis
 Inflation
 Inferior numbers in men, money and machinery
 State sovereignty yeilded to national
sovereignty in order to conduct the war
Famous Speeches
 Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address
 Given March 4, 1861 in Washington, D.C.
 “I have no purpose…to interfere with the institution of slavery in the
States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so.”
 “… no State…can lawfully get out of the Union…the Union is
unbroken…”
 “In doing this there needs to be no blood shed or violence…”
 “We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies.”
 Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of
affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield andpatriot grave to every living heart…will yet swell the chorus of
the union, when again touched…by the better angels of our nature.”
Famous Speeches
 Emancipation Proclamation
 Issued September 22, 1862, went into
effect January 1, 1863
 “all person held as slaves within any state or
designated part of a state…the people…shall
be in rebellion against the United States, shall
be then, thence forward and forever free.”
Famous Speeches
 Gettysburg Address
 November 19, 1863 at Gettysburg Battlefields
 “Four score and seven years ago our Fathers brought forth on
this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal”
 “Now we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that
nation…can long endure.”
 “We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final
resting place for those who gave their lives that a nation might
live.”
 “…that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that the
government of the people, by the people, and for the people
shall not perish from the earth.”
Famous Speeches
 Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
 Given March 4, 1865 in Washington
DC
 “With malice toward none, with charity toward
all, with firmness in the right…let us strive on
to finish the work we are in; to bind up the
nation’s wounds…to do all which may
achieve a cherish, just and lasting peace.”