Transcript The American Civil War

The American Civil War
1861-1865
Vs.
Causes of the Civil War
• Regional differences b/w the largely industrial North and the
agrarian South grow stronger
– ex. Where Railroads should be built and the Protectionist tariff that
favored the North
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Slavery
The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Abraham Lincoln elected president
Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate States of
America
– Believed they had to leave the Union in order to protect their property
and their way of life
• The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter
Advantages and Disadvantages of
the North and South
• Discuss handout
• How does the South attempt to compensate
for its disadvantages?
Union leader – President
Abraham Lincoln
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16th President (1861-1865)
Born: Feb. 12, 1809
Died: April 15, 1865 (four days
after the war ended) 
Party: Republican
Wife: Mary Lincoln
Children: Robert, Edward,
William, and Thomas (Tad)
• Condemned slavery and
affirmed the idea of African
Americans’ natural rights
• War would be fought to
‘preserve the Union’
Confederacy Leader – President
Jefferson Davis
• Born: June 3, 1808
• Died: 1889
• Born in Kentucky, went to
school at the U.S. Military
Academy
• Later in life became a Planter
living in Mississippi
• Served as U.S. Senator,
Secretary of War, and President
of the Confederacy.
• Served as a P.O.W. for two
years, U.S. dropped its case
against him in 1868.
Timeline of the Civil War
Copy the following slides in a
timeline format in your notes!
April 12-13, 1861
• Fort Sumter
• Confederate General
P.G.T Beauregard opens
fire on Fort Sumter.
Major Robert Anderson
surrenders.
• The fort was a federal fort
in the South and the
Confederacy did not want
northerners in the south!
• Lincoln had ordered
supplies sent to the fort so
the south attacked.
July 1861
• Union army marches on
Southern capital,
Richmond, Virginia.
• Routed by Confederate
forces at Bull Run, it is
forced to retreat to
Washington.
• Union: Gen. McDowell
• Conf.: Gen. Johnston and
“Stonewall” Jackson
• **Opened northern eyes
to the immensity of the
task of the war.
February 1862
• Union forces under
Brig. Gen. Ulysses
S. Grant capture
key Southern
strongholds of Fort
Henry and
Donelson in
Tennessee.
April 1862
• Confederate army
counter-attacks Grant
at Shiloh, but he holds
his ground and
Southern forces retreat
to Mississippi
• Resulted in 25,000
Union and Confederate
casualties
• Union navy seizes
New Orleans
July 1862
• Gen. George
McClellan leads
Union advance on
Richmond, but is
blocked by Con.
Forces under Gen.
Robert E. Lee during
the “Seven Days’
Battles.”
• Lee was a former US
Army General
Robert E. Lee
August 1862
• Lee defeats Union
army at Second
Battle of Bull Run,
and drives Northern
force out of
Virginia, and
proceeds to invade
Maryland.
September 1862
• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
• McClellan blocks Lee’s advance at Battle of Antietam
Creek, Maryland, where 24,000 men die.
• This is the “Bloodiest Single Battle” of the war.
• Lee retreats to Virginia.
• Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a few
days later.
– Now Blacks began to enlist whereas prior to
Proclamation, African Americans who were captured
by Union forces were often treated as Contraband
– Did not issue this statement for almost two years
because he sought to retain the loyalty of the border
states
April-May 1863
• Union forces attack
Lee in Virginia but
are defeated at
Chancellorsville
and retreat.
• Lee invades the
north once more in
Pennsylvania.
July 1-3, 1863
• GETTYSBURG!
• Lee’s forces run into
Union army at
Gettysburg, Penn.
• The ensuing battle
results in over 50,000
casualties.
• Lee’s army retreats
south.
• Invasion of the North
is stopped!!!
• Many historians
believe this is the
beginning of the end
for the south.
July 4, 1863
• After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes
Vicksburg, Mississippi, bringing most of
the region under Northern control.
• This is another nail in the coffin of the
South.
– Confederacy is essentially cut in half.
November 1863
• On Nov. 19, Lincoln was
asked to deliver just a few
appropriate remarks to
dedicate a military
cemetery at Gettysburg.
• “Four score and seven
years ago our fathers
brought forth on this
continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition
that all men are created
equal.”
November 1863
• Following the Battle of
Chattanooga, Grant
drives Lee out of
Tennessee.
• The Union army is now
led by General William
T. Sherman and he takes
Knoxville.
June 1864
• The tide has officially shifted and the North
is almost in total control of the war.
• After a costly southward advance, Grant
traps Lee’s forces at Petersburg, outside of
Richmond, Virginia.
• The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.
Sep.-Dec. 1864
• Sherman captures
Atlanta.
• He cuts a swath of
destruction through
Georgia and then
captures Savannah.
– Purpose was to destroy
supplies, cut RR lines,
and demoralize the
civlian population.
Atlanta Cyclorama
The Civil War, Battle of Atlanta
• This becomes known
as, “The March to the
Sea.”
• On Christmas Day of
1864, Sherman orders
his men to save
Savannah from burning;
he gives it to Lincoln as
a present!
April 1865
• Grant takes
Richmond on April
3 and Lee
surrenders six days
later at the
Appomattox Court
House.
• April 9th, 1865 is
the official end to
the war between the
states.
April 1865
• Lincoln is assassinated
by John Wilkes Booth at
Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C. on
April 14th. He died the
next day.
• Booth yelled, “Sic
semper tyrannis” in
English means, “Thus be
it ever to tyrants.”
• Booth broke his leg
jumping from the
balcony, and he died
several days later after
being burned in the barn
he was hiding in.
Lincoln’s Death
The Costs of the Civil War
700
600
500
400
300
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100
0
North
South
Total Casualties
Civil
War
All
other
U.S.
Wars
The Costs of the Civil War
Economic Costs
 Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled
$2.6 billion.
 Federal debt rose to $2.7 billion.
 Confederate debt ran over $700 million.
 Union inflation reached 182% in 1864 and 179%
in 1865.
 Confederate inflation rose to 9,000% by the end of
the war.