Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
The Struggle Unfolds
The Conflict Begins
• The Confederacy
would see forts as
a threat from a
foreign power.
Lincoln is forced to
decide what to do:
allow the
Confederates to
take federal
property seemingly
giving approval of
right to secede.
The Conflict Begins
• If he sends
troops in he
could lose the
support of the 8
slave states that
had not seceded
and perhaps,
start a civil war.
Bombardment of Fort
Sumter
• On April 11, 1861,
the Confederates
as for the
surrender of Fort
Sumter in
Charleston Harbor.
After two days of
shelling, Major
Robert Anderson
will surrender the
fort and act as the
official start to the
Civil War.
Strengths &
Weaknesses - South
• They were
fighting a war of
independence
like the
Revolution.
• They were
defending their
homeland and
way of life.
Strengths &
Weaknesses - South
• Skills such as
riding horses and
using guns from
early age.
• Wealthy
Southerners went
to military
academies, many
of the best leaders
were in the south.
Strengths &
Weaknesses - South
• Few factories to
produce weapons.
• Few railroads to
transport troops
and supplies.
• Strength of
government with
the states not
central government
• Small population.
Strengths &
Weaknesses - North
• 4 times the free
population leads to
large volunteer
base.
• Industry and
railroads for the
production and
transport of
supplies.
• Strong Navy and
large fleet of
trading ships.
Strengths &
Weaknesses - North
• They would have
to invade the
south.
• Supply lines
would be much
longer than
south’s.
• Conquer a huge
area.
Wartime Leaders-Davis
• Attended West
Point & was officer
in Mexican War.
• Served as
Secretary of War,
respected for
honesty and
courage.
• Did not like to
delegate military
planning to others,
argued with
advisers.
Wartime LeadersLincoln
• Although he had little
experience in national
politics or military
matters, in time was
patient and strong
leader and fine war
planner.
• He accepted criticism
well and had a fine
sense of humor.
• He was honest,
hardworking and a
spirited competitor.
Wartime LeadersMilitary
• The South had the
lions share of good
military leaders,
including Robert E.
Lee.
• The North had
several leaders,
but U.S. Grant
would emerge as
the Union leader.
Strategies for Victory
•
Union Plans
1. Blockade the
South.
2. Seize Richmond
3. Seize control of
the Mississippi
Strategies for Victory
•
Confederate
plans
1. Fight a
defensive war
2. Count on
European
money and
supplies
Battle of Bull Run
• The Battle of Bull
Run took place
along a small
stream in Virginia.
Many onlookers
came and
picnicked watching
what they assumed
to be a sure Union
victory, running off
the rebels.
Battle of Bull Run
• However, They
were shocked to
see the
Confederates stand
tall under the
command of
General Thomas
Jackson. An
officer said that he
stood his ground
“like a stone wall”.
The Wind is Knocked
Out
• General George
McClellan the
Union’s
commander in the
east is very
cautious after the
defeat and even
causes President
Lincoln to lose his
patience.
Be vewy, vewy cautious
• “If McClellan is
not using the
army, I should
like to borrow
it.” McClellan
finally goes
towards
Richmond, but is
out flanked by
General Lee.
The Ironclads
• Both North and
South had ironclad
ships. The Monitor
maneuvered easily
for the North and
the Merrimack had
more firepower. In
the end neither
ship seriously
damaged the other
and they withdrew.
Antietam
• General Lee finally
decides to march north
and McClellan is slow
to respond. In one day
23,000 men were killed
or wounded and Lee
slips back towards
Virginia . For not
pursuing the
Confederates,
McClellan is replaced.
Battle of Fredericksburg
• Under General
Burnside, the
Union once again
marches towards
Richmond. They
are met at
Fredericksburg and
blown away by the
Confederate army.
Battle of
Chancellorsville
• After 3 days of
battle the
Confederates are
victorious at
Chancellorsville,
however nervous
sentries fire at
what they believe
to be union
soldiers, only to
find they have shot
Stonewall Jackson.
Battle of Shiloh
• General Grant
was to secure
the Mississippi
River for the
Union and had
already taken
Ft. Henry and Ft.
Donellson in
Tennessee.
Battle of Shiloh
• Surprised by
Confederate forces
at Shiloh, a tough
and stubborn Grant
attacked anyway.
The number of men
killed was more
than all of the
previous wars put
together. Still, the
Union won!
The Emancipation
Proclamation
• By the middle of
1862, Lincoln
was convinced
the only way to
save the Union
was to broaden
its goals and
free the slaves.
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Waiting for a victory,
Lincoln announces the
Emancipation
Proclamation 5 days
after Antietam. He
also did not want to
stir northern slave
owners and only freed
slaves of the
south(states in
rebellion with the
United States). I’m not
kidding, you can look it
up!
The Impact
• Although no slaves
gained freedom
since the South no
longer belonged to
the union, it gained
the approval of
abolitionist and the
sympathy of people
in Europe. This
erased the notion
of European aid to
the South.
African American Aid
• With the
Proclamation came
African American
soldiers. The 54th
Regiment out of
Massachusetts led
a heroic yet suicide
attack on Ft.
Wagner. Those
that have seen
Glory – this is it!
Problems abound
• In the North, soldiers
were facing horrible
death from war and
disease. Discontent
with the draft law and
war was leading to
riots. Taxes and
inflation were crippling
the northern economy
and some
manufacturers, or
profiteers were making
a mint form the
government by
overcharging of war
supplies.
Problems abound
• In the South, states
rights being so big,
many states did
not want to pay
taxes to support
the war. Soldiers
became hard to
find as the war
rolled on. A
worthless currency
and lack of trade
choked the
southern economy.
Nursing the Wounded
• Many women went
to help the war
effort as nurses
Clara Barton and
Sojourner Truth
worked for the
Union and Sally
Tompkins set up a
hospital in
Richmond.
Vicksburg
• By mid 1863, the
Union had captured
New Orleans and
Memphis and just
needed Vicksburg
to control the
whole Mississippi,
so it was up to
General Grant to
seize this last post.
Victory at Vicksburg
• Grant decided to
move inland and
attack Jackson, MS
and doubleback to
Vicksburg. For
over 6 weeks Grant
blockaded the
town. With
supplies cut off,
the South was
forced to surrender
Vicksburg.
Battle of Gettysburg
• General Lee would
make one more
venture into the
north at
Geetysburg. Lee’s
army pushed the
Union army out of
the town at first,
but Union troops
would establish
themselves along
cemetery ridge.
Battle of Gettysburg
• For 3 days battle
raged. On July 3,
General George
Pickett was given
the order to charge
the center of the
Union line. As they
charged, Union
guns took fire.
Battle of Gettysburg
• The raid had no
chance and
thousands died.
Lee would retreat
south and never
again invade the
north. This bloody
battle would be the
turning point of the
war.
Gettysburg Address
• At a dedication of the
cemetery, President
Lincoln, who was not the
featured speaker, gave
his address to the crowd
with the message that
the fallen shall not have
fallen in vain and that this
war was a test of
whether a democratic
nation could survive. It
would be in later
generations that the
wisdom of these
statements would be
noticed.
Shenandoah
• To end the war, the
Union decides to use
total war. This would
effect both soldiers
and civilians as any
food or equipment that
could be used by the
enemy is destroyed.
This starts with
General Sheridan
destroying crops and
livestock throughout
the Shenandoah Valley.
Sherman’s March
• Next, General
Sherman is sent on
his famous march
through Atlanta to
the sea. Sherman
burnt Atlanta and
destroyed
everything along
his path to
Savannah.
Appomattox Courthouse
• On April 9, 1865
General Lee
surrendered to
General Grant.
The terms were
generous as
Soldiers had to
turn over their
rifles but could
keep their horses.
Officers were
allowed to keep
their pistols.
The War Ends
• As the
Confederates
surrendered, the
Union soldiers
began to cheer.
Grant ordered
them to stop
saying, “the war is
over, the rebels are
our countrymen
again”.
Lincoln Wins Reelection
• President Lincoln
will win reelection
in 1864. The
North’s decision of
total war and the
victories it
brought, increased
the popular support
for Lincoln, just
enough to beat his
old friend George
McClellan.
Little Fanfare
• Lincoln would
receive little
fanfare for the end
of the war and his
reelection. On
April 14, 1865,
John Wilkes Booth
will shoot
President Lincoln
at Fords Theatre
and the President
will later die.
The Cost
• The North lost
360,000 soldiers
and the South lost
250,000 soldiers in
the Civil War. No
war ever had
resulted in so many
American deaths.
The Union was
preserved and now
must mend.
The End of the Civil War
What Will Come Next
The Road to
Reconstruction
The End … For Now