Transcript CHAPTER 16: THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS Section 3: No End in

Copy the following chart on Portfolio p95
Write a brief description of each of the following:
1. Ulysses S. Grant:
2. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson:
3. Battle of Shiloh:
4. Fall of New Orleans:
5. Seven Days’ Battles:
6. Battle of Antietam:
7. Robert E. Lee:
8. George McClellan:
9: Lee’s 3 reason’s for invading the North:
Lesson 16.3: No End in Sight
Today we will describe the critical
events of the war in 1862.
Vocabulary
• critical – very important; changes things
• cavalry – soldiers on horseback
• casualties – people killed or wounded in
battle
• invade – enter like an enemy
What are cavalry?
Calvary refers to soldiers on horseback.
What are casualties?
Casualties are people who are
killed or wounded in battle.
What does it mean to invade?
To invade is to go into a
place with hostile intent,
like an enemy would.
What We Already Know
Robert E. Lee had
resigned from the
Union army and had
offered his services to
the Confederacy.
What We Already Know
The Confederate victory at the Battle of
Bull Run made many in the North doubt
whether the war could be won.
What We Already Know
The union strategy called for a coastal
blockade and capture of the Mississippi
River to cut the Confederacy in two.
Union Victories in the West
In 1862, Union General Ulysses S. Grant
captured two Confederate river forts in
Tennessee.
Union Victories in the West
• Both forts were commanded by
Confederate General Lloyd Tilghman.
• These were Fort Henry on the Tennessee River
and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.
Union Victories in the West
Capturing Fort Henry
was important
because such a
victory would open up
a river highway into
the heart of the South
allowing Union
gunboats and
supplies to travel on
the river as far as
northern Alabama.
Union Victories in the West
A week later, Union
troops captured
Tennessee’s capital,
Nashville.
The Battle of Shiloh
• As Confederate troops retreated into
Mississippi, Grant followed.
• The two sides met in April 1862 near
Shiloh Church in Tennessee.
The Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the
bloodiest battle the Civil War had yet seen.
The Battle of Shiloh
• The number of dead and wounded Union
soldiers was more than 13,000.
• The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of
41,000 soldiers.
The Battle of Shiloh
• Union
Congressmen
were shocked by
the casualties at
Shiloh and
demanded
Grant’s removal.
The Battle of Shiloh
• Union Congressmen
were shocked by the
casualties at Shiloh
and demanded
Grant’s removal.
• Lincoln replied, “I
can’t spare this man –
he fights.”
17. Where did Ulysses S. Grant win
three important victories in the West?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Shiloh
Fort McHenry
Fort Henry
New Orleans
Fort Donelson
Choose all that are true!
Why was the Battle of Shiloh considered
a costly victory for the North?
Although the battle was a Union victory, almost
13,000 federal soldiers were killed or wounded.
The Fall of New Orleans
In April 1862, a Union fleet led by David Farragut
captured New Orleans, defended by Confederate
General Mansfield Lovell.
The Fall of New Orleans
After the victories of General Grant and
Admiral Farragut, the Union controlled most
of the Mississippi River.
The Fall of New Orleans
The North
was well on
its way to
cutting the
Confederacy
in two.
But guarding the remaining stretch of the
Mississippi was the heavily armed
Confederate fort at Vicksburg.
18. Why were Union victories in the
West and the fall of New Orleans
significant to the Union cause?
A. These victories established a tighter naval
blockade of the Confederate coast.
B. The Union was now closer to capturing the
Confederate capital at Charleston.
C. They helped the Union gain foreign support
from Britain and France.
D. They meant the North was nearer its goal of
cutting the Confederacy in two.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
• In 1862, in the East,
after many delays,
Union General George
McClellan finally made
his move to capture
Richmond.
• Soon, McClellan’s
Army of the Potomac
was within a few miles
of the Confederate
capital.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
In June 1862,
Robert E. Lee took
command of the
Army of Northern
Virginia and began
to turn things
around.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
• Lee sent Jeb Stuart
and his cavalry to spy
on McClellan’s army
and to find out its size.
• Stuart rode around the
entire Union army in
just a few days and
reported its size back
to Lee.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
Lee attacked McClellan’s forces, and for about a
week in July the two sides fought a series of
clashes known as the Seven Days’ Battles.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
After Confederate troops won a second victory at
Bull Run against McClellan six weeks later, the
Union army retreated to Washington, D.C.
Lee Invades the North
• In September 1862, Lee crossed
the Potomac to invade Maryland.
• He decided to carry the war to
the North for several reasons.
• First of all, he hoped that a
victory would force Lincoln to
talk peace.
Lee Invades the North
Second, the
invasion
would give
Virginia
farmers a
break from
the war
during
harvest
season.
Lee Invades the North
Lee’s third reason
was based on the
Confederacy’s need
for foreign
assistance.
Lee Invades the North
By 1862, the English textile industry was
beginning to suffer from a lack of Southern cotton.
Lee Invades the North
People in Britain and France were starting to lean
toward supporting the Confederacy, but their
political leaders were not yet convinced the
Confederacy could win independence.
Lee Invades the North
Lee hoped that a successful invasion of
the North might persuade European
governments to side with the South.
What was the result of the
Seven Days’ Battles?
A. Union forces scored their first victory
against Lee.
B. Confederates turned back the Union
effort to take Richmond.
C. Ulysses Grant replaced McClellan.
D. Fort Donelson and Fort Henry fell.
19. Why did Lee decide to invade
the North?
A. Victory on Union soil
might force Lincoln to
talk peace.
B. Winning battles on
Union soil would bring
him personal glory.
C. A successful invasion
might convince Europe
to side with the South.
D. Moving the fighting into
Maryland would give
Virginia farmers a rest
during the harvest
season.
Choose all that are true!
Bloody Antietam
Just as Lee was
beginning his
invasion of the
North, a Union
soldier found a
copy of his battle
plans wrapped
around a bundle
of cigars.
Bloody Antietam
General McClellan now knew Lee’s
campaign plans, and he launched an
attack of his own against Lee’s army.
Bloody Antietam
• The Battle of Antietam, Maryland in
September 1862 was the bloodiest
day in all of American history.
• Almost 25,000 soldiers were killed or
wounded.
Bloody Antietam
Lee lost about one-third of his fighting
force, and he withdrew to Virginia.
Bloody Antietam
• McClellan did not follow, missing a chance
to finish off the wounded Southern army.
• President Lincoln was so angry that he
fired McClellan.
20. What were the results of the
Battle of Antietam?
A. Lincoln was urged to remove Grant from
command.
B. Several high-ranking officers were killed on
both sides.
C. It was the bloodiest single day in all of
American history.
D. Lee lost nearly one-third of his fighting force.
E. Lincoln fired McClellan for being too
cautious.
F. Cavalry commander Jeb Stuart rode around
the entire Union army.
G. Lee retreated from Maryland.
Choose all that are true!
Why did Lee retreat after the
Battle of Antietam?
A. He had exhausted his supplies and needed
to return to Virginia.
B. President Davis ordered him to return to
defend Richmond from Grant’s attacks.
C. His men had lost their former confidence in
his leadership.
D. The defeat had cost him about one-third of
his fighting force.