Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
The Nation Divided
Lincoln’s Inauguration
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March 4, 1861, 2 weeks
after Jefferson Davis is
sworn in as the President of
the Confederacy.
Threat was looming at Ft.
Sumter in South Carolina.
The issue of slavery still on
the minds of loyal slave
states: Kentucky,
Maryland, Missouri,
Virginia (secedes April
1861), Tennessee (secedes
May 1861), and North
Carolina (secedes May
1861)
Lincoln’s Dilemma
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Confederate troops demand
Ft. Sumter turned over to them
What are Lincoln’s options?
If Lincoln sends in troops, this
may make him responsible for
war BUT if he evacuates Fort
it may appear he recognizes
the CSA as a nation
Fortunately, on April 12, 1861
Rebel forces fire on Ft. Sumter
--> Lincoln does not have to
make the decision, Davis
declares war.
On The Eve of War….
Who is more prepared? Prediction based on numbers?
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Population
Union
Confederacy
Merchant
Ships
Banking
Capital
Strategy
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Union: The Anaconda
Plan
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Step 1: Navy will blockade
Southern ports so they
cannot export/import
goods
Step 2: Union riverboats
on the Mississippi Rv. will
split the South in two
Step 3: Capture
Confederate capital:
Richmond, VA
The alliance that ALMOST was….
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1861, Confederates appealed
to Britain for an alliance.
They sent 2 ambassadors on a
British merchant ship.
Problem: Federal navy boards
ship and arrests diplomats.
Britain lines troops up on
Canadian Border-known as
The Trent Affair
Result: Lincoln apologizes and
returns diplomats, Britain
relieved, do not enter an
alliance
How might the war have been
different?
Britain forsaking views on
slavery for southern cotton
War in the East 1861-1862
Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
July 21, 1861
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Confederate Victory-Union
Troops attempting to make
their way to Confederate
Capital
Conf.General T. Jackson
earns name Stonewall as
he holds his troops firm.
Southerners confident that
war will be short and they
will be victorious.
Seven Days Battle and Antietam
April 1862
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Seven Days BattleConfederate Victory
Federal Gen. McClellan
wants to capture Richmond
Spends too much time
planning and strategizing
Conf. Gen. Lee defeats him
using unorthodox
strategies and less troops,
but with greater causalities
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Antietam-Stalemate
Lee follows McClellan
toward Union capital
Lee retreats and McClellan
does not follow, this could
have ended the war.
Lincoln fires him
26,000 lives lost, more that
War of 1812 and war with
Mexico combined.
Who is General Robert E.
Lee?
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Confederate General
he was Lincoln’s number
one choice for head of
Union army but turns it
down out of loyalty to the
South
Hero from MexicanAmerican War and
squashed John Brown’s
uprising at Harper’s Ferry
Home was surrendered and
is today Arlington National
Cemetery
War in the West 1861-1862
Battle of Shiloh, April 1862
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Union Victory
Surprise attack on the Federalist troops
Led by Union Gen. Grant
Victory here allows for Grant to control
the Mississippi River
Lesson: Need to have strategic planning,
i.e. scouts, trenches and fortification
needed
Who is Grant?
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Union General, fought in
Mexican-American War,
though he did not believe
in the cause
Left war because he
missed his family
Called “Unconditional
Surrender” because he
will only accept
unconditional and
immediate surrender
Idea of total war
President 1869-1877
Battle of New Orleans, 1862
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Admiral Farragut launches
naval attack against the
important port city of New
Orleans.
Took the city in 5 days
Now cut off port and had
total control Mississippi
River and have split the
South in two, with the
exception of Vicksburg and
Port Hudson left in
Confederate control,
perched high on a bluff
Women in the Civil War
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The Fear
Southern women
were called upon by
Jefferson Davis to
rally their men to
war
The cartoon is a
piece of Southern
propaganda
Women’s Roles
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Spies: a number of women,
both Union and
Confederate took on the
roles of spy or soldier, I.e.
Harriet Tubman and Rose
O’Neal
Nurses: Clara Barton,
Union Nurse, sets up the
Red Cross and helps the
wounded on the battlefield.
In the South nothing
formal is established but
work long hours in grueling
conditions
Retaliation
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Southern women,
especially in occupied areas
began to retaliate against
their oppressors.
In April of 1862 General
Benjamin Butler issued
orders to the women of New
Orleans in response to their
behavior toward Union
troops, i.e. spitting on them
and pouring waste out of
the window onto them
Retaliation
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Butler’s proclamation stated:
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"As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been
subjected to repeated insults from the women (calling
themselves ladies) of New Orleans, in return for the most
scrupulous noninterference and courtesy on our part, it is
ordered that hereafter when any female shall, by word,
gesture, or movement, insult or show contempt for any
officer or soldier of the United States, she shall be regarded
and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town
plying her avocation."
War in the East 1863-1864
Gettysburg-May 1863
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After the Battle of Chancelorsville, Lee follows
Union troops. He needs supplies and can only get
them in the North
Day 1: Looks like a Confederate victory
Day 2: Rebel loss for the day, tired from 25 mile
walk the day before and literal uphill battle.
Day 3: South pummeled by Northern artillery and
retreat. Union victory
23,000 Federal casualties and 28,000 Confederate
casualties
Turning point in the war
The next day, Vicksburg
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Grant sent troops to destroy railways in
Central Mississippi to distract from Vicksburg
The first attack fails
Then Grant barrages the city with artillery
Eventually Confederates, after months of siege
and low supplies, surrender
Grant now has Confederacy cut in two
Turning point
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
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The real Robert
Gould Shaw of the
54th
Died in battle at Ft.
Wagoner in South
Carolina
The Final Nail-Sherman 1864-65
Sherman’s March
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Sherman is appointed by
Grant
Believes in total war,
meaning war against
civilians
Grant heads to Virginia to
stop Lee
Grant tells Lincoln
“whatever happened there
will be no turning back”
Grant loses 60,000 men
from May to June
“WAR IS ALL HELL”
Sherman’s March
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Sherman heads towards
Atlanta, destroys railroads
and burns the city to the
ground
Then he heads to the sea to
Savanna and then to
Columbia S.C.
Sherman then rejoins
Grant in Virginia
Victories in 1864 lead to
the re-election of Lincoln
SURRENDER!!
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On April 9, 1865
General’s Lee and Grant
met at Appomattox
Court House, VA to end
the war.
The Confederacy
surrender and Grant,
under Lincoln’s orders
agrees to generous
terms
Lincoln’s Assassination
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On April 14, 1865
Abraham Lincoln, while
attending a play at
Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C. was
killed by John Wilkes
Booth
Booth was a member of a
prominent acting family
He was opposed to
abolition and giving
blacks the right to vote
The Plot
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Booth plotted the
assassination of
Abraham Lincoln, Vice
President Andrew
Johnson, Sec. of State
William Seward.
Seward was injured in
the attack but survived
his wounds
The assassin for
Johnson got cold feet
and never followed
through with the plan
Lincoln’s Assassination
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Booth, an actor and not
out of place in the
theater, went up to
Lincoln’s box. He
stayed outside for a
time and then drew his
gun and shot
Booth then jumped off
the balcony on to the
stage yelling “sic temper
tyrannis,” thus always
to tyrants.
Lincoln’s Assassination
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Booth is captured 12
days later in Virginia.
There he is shot by a
soldier, reportedly not
given the order to do so.
8 other people are
implicated as
conspirators and are
hung.
The Nation Mourns