Transcript 15 Crucible of Freedom: Civil War 1861 – 1865

Crucible of Freedom:
Civil War 1861 – 1865
Fort Sumter
Read page
511 (red text) or
358 (green text)
465 (blue text)
and summarize the
events of April 12,
1861.
CIVIL WAR MILITARY
•
•
#1 _______ Advantage
#2 Standing ____
– 16, 000 vs 0
•
#3 Trained _____ Corps
– 2,000 vs 1,000
•
#4 ___________
– 22 million vs 9 million
Key:
Dk Blue = Union
Lt Blue = Neutral, controlled by
Union
Red = CSA
White = unorganized territories
CIVIL WAR MILITARY
•
#5 Politics:
– ___ Party vs __ Party
•
#6 Developed
_________ System
– Federal vs States
– Tax collection, funds
transfer
CIVIL WAR MILITARY
• #7 _________
– 2/3 vs 1/3
• #8 _________ lines
– Some vs None
• #9 Established
____________
– 90% vs 10%
CIVIL WAR MILITARY
• #10 ___________
Conditions
– Enemy Surrenders vs
Enemy Quits
• Or
– Complete and Total
Victory vs “A tie is as
good as a win”
• #11 ______ / ______
– States Rights vs
Permanence of Union
General Winfield Scott’s Plan
• _________ Plan: Blockade the
southern coastline, capture the
Mississippi River, then wait for
Southern __________ to seize
control of the CSA.
#1 Homefield
Advantage to
whom?
Lincoln’s Initial Moves
• Advantage #2 & 3:
Standing Army
• Secure Border
states: MD, DE,
KY, MO
– including
Washington, D.C.
Advantage 3
•
Trained Officer
Corps
– 2,000 vs 1,000
•
Included both
– Robert E Lee
– Ulysses S Grant
•
Generally accepted
that the South had
the better officers
– Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
Drafts North and South
Advantage #4
• CSA April 1862, first
“conscription” in US
history.
• Exemptions:
– CSA: Owners of ______slaves
– Union: ______ another man to
serve in your place or $300 to
be exempted.
– What complaints might be
raised against these loopholes?
• Total draftees:
– Union: 46,000 of _________
– CSA: 120,000 of _________
• North experienced Draft Riots
First Battles, 1861
• First Battle of Bull Run
July 21, 1861
– Watched on hillsides by
Washington dignitaries
– Smaller CSA army _______
Union army
• War settled into
winter encampment
and training
• March 9, 1862, CSS
Virginia vs USS
Monitor
1862 Begins
• Spring 1862 Peninsula
Campaign by McClellan
failed, CSA victory
• Second Battle of Bull Run
Aug 28-30, CSA victory
• Battle of Antietam, Sept 17,
Lee had invaded MD
– Technically a draw but Lee
withdrew
– Strategically a Union victory
CIVIL WAR MILITARY
•Wild Card!
– Defense of Slavery vs
Emancipation of Slaves
Emancipation Proclamation
• This document
announces the freedom
of slaves where?
• Would a slave in South
Carolina be free?
• Would a slave in
Pennsylvania be free?
• What might some of the
immediate effects be of
this Proclamation?
1862, Battles in the West
• Grant
– Control of MO and KY
– Captured forts in TN
– Close call but a victory at
Shiloh
• The CSA attack at Shiloh
stripped the defenses of
New Orleans allowing
Admiral Farragut to
capture it and
surrounding areas.
1862 ends a bad year for the Union
• The Western battles were going well but the
_________ battles were what counted toward
popular perception
• Peace _________(called “__________” by the
Republicans) demanded a truce and a peace
conference. They were not in favor of
_________________.
• There was very strong opposition to Lincoln,
especially after he dismissed McClellan (who
later ran against Lincoln in 1864 as a Democrat
who promised to make peace with the CSA)
Advantage 6
•
•
Developed Banking System
The North and South issued
______ to raise money, and
printed _____Money for cash
–
–
•
N ______, 80% inflation
S _______, 9,000% inflation
1863 the Union passed the
National Bank Act,
revolutionizing public finance
Advantages, Technological
• #7 Railroads
– ________________
• #8 Telegraph lines
– _________________
• #9 Established Industry
– _________________
• North has all advantages
however, CSA never suffered
for lack of war ______ (food
and clothing yes, bullets and
gunpowder, NO)
1863 The Turning Point Year
• ________, Union victory July 3.
– View Video, discuss Gettysburg Address
– http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=764
• __________, Union victory July 4,
finalizing the capture of the ___________,
surrounding and blockading the South
(effective, but not 100%)
• Coincidentally, in July, the NY draft riots
occurred.
Grant’s Strategy to Win
• Early in 1864, Lincoln made
Grant commander of US
Army
• Grant won battles by taking
advantage of the North’s
larger _________ and
superior ability to supply its
army.
• Grant was willing to lose
more ________ and expend
more ________ because he
could replace his _______
while the CSA could not.
• Some called him a “butcher”
• Lincoln said, “He wins.”
1864, _________ March to the Sea
• Total War: Sherman _______ Atlanta then moved south
to Savannah taking what was needed for supplies and
_________ anything that could aid the CSA army.
• What effect did this have on civilian morale?
War is a cruelty and
you cannot refine
it. Those who
brought war into
our country
deserve all the
curses and
maledictions a
people can pour
out.
The Beginning of the End
• Sherman took Savannah Dec 1864
wheeled north.
• He took Columbia, SC’s capital, without a
fight and gutted much of the city.
• By Spring 1865 he was in NC.
• Other Union armies were moving through
GA and AL, capturing thousands of CSA
soldiers and freeing thousands of Union
prisoners.
Grant
• ________ the Army of
Northern Virginia at
Petersburg, a railroad
hub of Richmond.
• _______ Petersburg
on April 2, 1865.
• Union troops went
into _______ April 3,
1865, as CSA troops
retreated.
Appomattox Court House
• After Petersburg,
Grant prevented Lee
from escaping
_________.
• On April 9, 1865, Lee
asked for Terms of
_________.
• Final surrender
occurred on
________________.