Transcript USHC – 4: T.S.W.D. an understanding of the causes and the

Standard 3
page 316
• Who was John Brown?
• What was his role in Bleeding Kansas?
Spread of
Slavery
• Gag Rule (1836)
– Limits/prevents debate
on abolition
• Wilmot Proviso
– 1846
– No slavery in territory
gained from Mexico
– Didn’t pass Congress
• Compromise of 1850
–
–
–
–
Henry Clay
California - Free
Fugitive Slave Law
Popular Sovereignty – each
territory decides for itself
Race for Majority
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
– North of Missouri Comp.
36˚30˚ BUT Comp. of
1850 Popular
Sovereignty?????
– Overturned the Missouri
Comp. 36˚30˚
– Kansas = Slave or Free??
• Race to populate
• Population = vote
Bleeding Kansas
• Free v. Slave settlers
• 100s killed over slavery
• Led to the emergence of
the Republican Party
– Free soil NOT abolition
– Non-slave owning whites
did not want to compete
with slave labor
Harpers Ferry, Va
Oct. 16, 1859
• John Brown and 20 men
(black and white)
• Raided federal arsenal
• Frightened slave owners
– Intentions of
Northerners?
– Protect slavery
• John Brown was
captured
– Hanged and became a
martyr (sacrificial victim)
Dred Scott Decision
1834
• Dred Scott (slave) taken
north of 36/30
• Owner died
1856
• Scott sued for his
freedom
– Living in free states
made him free
Dred Scott Decision
• Dred Scott v. Sandford
– Slaves don’t have citizen
rights to sue in court
– MO Compromise is
unconstitutional
• Congress can’t forbid
slavery
• Interfered with
slaveholder’s right to
property
– Worried Northerners
who feared the Supreme
Court would overturn
state laws against slavery
Standard 3
EOC Review
The Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Wilmot
Proviso, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act were all intended
to do what?
a. Resolved the issue of slavery in newly acquired US
territories.
b. Determine the number of senators new slave states
may send to Congress.
c. Forbid the expansion of slavery into newly acquired
territories.
d. Make sure that citizens of new states could decide
whether or not to allow slavery by popular
sovereignty.
Birth of the Republican Party
• Abraham Lincoln
• Free Soil
– Stop the spread of
slavery (not end)
• Won 1860 election due
to Northern and
Southern Democrats
splitting over slavery
Secession
• Formal withdrawal from a
nation
• 11 states withdrew from
the Union
• Fearful the government
would take away their right
to own slaves
• Challenged democracy
• Lincoln pledged to
preserve the Union and
democracy
Confederacy = Alliance
• Confederate States of
America
– Protected and recognized
slavery in the territories
– Jefferson Davis elected
president
• Terrible leader
• Couldn’t get states to agree
Civil War Begins
• Mar. 4, 1861 – Lincoln
takes office
• Apr. 12, 1861 – Fort
Sumter falls
– Charleston Harbor, SC
– South fires on the Union
held Fort for 33 hours
– Union surrenders Fort to
Davis
Advantages of the South
1. 313 military officers of
the United States
Military joined the
south.
2. Had only to fight a
defensive war to
defend their territory.
3. They fought on their
own land.
4. They had more
experienced shooters.
Advantages of the North
1. Population-22 million
northerners vs. 9
million in the south,
3.5 million slaves.
2. 80% of the Nations
factories were located
in the north.
3. The north had twice as
many railroad lines
than the south.
Strategies
North:
• Anaconda Plan
– Blockade southern ports
• Limit trade with Great
Britain
– Split Confederacy in two
by taking over the
Mississippi River
– Capture Richmond, Va
(capital)
South:
• Seek aid from Great
Britain
– Trade cotton for
manufactured goods and
ships
• Defend territory until
Britain helped or the
North tired
Standard 3
EOC Practice
Which of the following was not an advantage
enjoyed by the North during the Civil War?
a. More railways for transporting people and
supplies
b. Greater motivations to fight for their
homeland
c. More factories to produce goods necessary
for war
d. Greater population of people
Wartime
• The Confederacy only
invaded the Union
twice
– Gain support from
European nations
– Failed
• Union Generals
– Ulysses S. Grant
– William Tecumseh
Sherman
• Southern General
– Robert E. Lee
Major Battles in the Civil War
What
When
Where
Why/How
Confederates seize
Union Fort Sumter
Apr. 12, 1861
Charleston Harbor,
SC
Wanted to drive out
the Union soldiers
from the South
Battle of Bull Run
(aka 1st Battle of
Manassas)
July 21, 1861
Virginia
Confederates
defeated the Union
Antietam
Aug. 29-30, 1862
Maryland
1. South tried to
invade the
Union
2. Union victory
3. 26,000 dead
Major Battles in the Civil War
What
When
Where
Why/How
GettysburgTurning point of
the war
July 1-3, 1863
Pennsylvania
1. South tried to invade the
Union
2. 3 days of fighting
3. 100,000 dead
Vicksburg
April-July, 1863
Mississippi
1. Part of the Anaconda
Plan
2. Union wanted to gain
control of the Mississippi
River
3. Union Victory
Sherman’s
March to the
Sea/Burning of
Atlanta
Sept. 2, 18641865
Atlanta
Savannah
Charleston
Columbia
1. Union Troops and 25,000
former slaves
2. Burned everything
(homes/fields)
3. Killed all the cattle
4. “Punish the South”
Wartime
• Emancipation Proclamation
– Announced Fall 1862
• Gave South a chance to make peace and keep their slaves
• Effective Jan. 1, 1863
– Military policy
• Freed all slaves behind Confederate lines
• Enemy resources that contributed to the war effort
• Did not apply to slave states still in the Union- Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, Delaware
– Great Britain could no longer support the South due to their
abolition of slavery
– Confederates were furious
– Made compromised no longer possible
Emancipation Proclamation
Impact of Emancipation Proclamation
• Free blacks enlisted in the
United States Army
– All African-American
units
– 54th Massachusetts
• Attacked Fort Wagner in
Charleston Harbor, SC
• Disproved myths about
capability due to race
– Units were segregated,
commanded by whites,
paid less, and received
inferior supplies
Politics of War
• Gettysburg Address
– November 1863
– Commemorated the
Battle of Gettysburg
– Remade the U.S.
• Before the War- “The
United States are”
• After the War- “The
United States is”
Gettysburg Address
“Four score and seven years ago, our fathers
brought forth this continent a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated t the
proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met
on the great battlefield of that war. We have
come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
resting place for those who here gave their lives
that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting
and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we cannot
consecrate– we cannot hallow–this ground. The brave
men, living and dead, who struggled here, have
consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember
what we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here
to the unfinished work which they who fought here
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to
be here dedicated to the great task remaining before
us—that from these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain—that this
nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—
and that government of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
Standard 3
EOC Practice
• What was the Anaconda Plan?
The South Surrenders
• Appomattox Court HouseApril 9, 1865
– Gen. Lee (Confed.)
surrendered to Gen. Grant
(Union)
– Lincoln didn’t want to
impose harsh terms
• Bring the south back into the
Union as peacefully as
possible
– Lee’s soldiers were paroled
• Kept their possessions,
horses, and three days of
rations
– Officers kept their sidearms
• Civil War was over after 4
years.
Assassination
• Lincoln was
assassinated 5 days
after the end of the war.
• John Wilkes Booth: An
Actor and Southern
Supporter shot Lincoln.
– Booth was hunted down
and killed.
Reconstruction
1865-1877
• After Civil War
• State governments
– Responsible for rebuilding
state infrastructure,
economy, politics, etc
• Federal government
– Re-establish full southern
state participation in the
Union
– South must accept terms
of losing the war
Reconstruction
• Federal government
actively protected the
rights of freedmen
(former slaves)
• Black Codes
– Southern laws
– Restricted rights of
blacks
• Ku Klux Klan
– Terrorist group
– Intimidated blacks
Reconstruction
• Congressional
Reconstruction Plan
(Military Reconstruction
Act of 1867)
– Split the former
Confederacy into five
military districts
– Enabled the government
to enforce the new
laws/amendments
Promoting Equality
• 13th Amendment, 1864
– Abolished slavery in America
• Freedmen’s Bureau, 1865
– Gave food and clothing to former slaves
– Set up hospitals and schools
• 14th Amendment, 1868
– Gave blacks full citizenship
– Overturned the Dred Scott decision
• 15th Amendment, 1870
– Banned states from denying blacks the vote
Changes for Former Slaves
• Some moved North and West
– Most stayed in the South
• Married and raised families
• 1,000s became educated
• Organized schools, colleges, universities, and
churches
• Volunteer organizations
• Participated in government
– Voting and serving in public office
Post War South
• Scalawags- white Republican southerners
– Supported Reconstruction efforts
• Carpetbaggers- white Republican northerners
– Reform southern society; make money
• Both were opposed my most southerners
Standard 3
EOC Review
Which of the following is the correct chronological order
regarding events of the Civil War?
a. The South secedes, Lincoln is elected, the Gettysburg
Address, Lee’s surrender.
b. The South fires on Fort Sumter, South Carolina
secedes, Lincoln is elected, the Emancipation
Proclamation.
c. Gettysburg, Antietam, Stonewall Jackson’s death,
Lee’s surrender.
d. Lincoln is elected, the South secedes, Gettysburg,
Lee’s surrender, Lincoln is assassinated.
Changes for the Economy
• Sharecropping- land owners allow a
person/family to farm on a small plot of land
– Farmers keep a small % of profit
– Owners get the rest of profit
• Many free blacks sharecropped
• Tenant farming- renting land from landowners
for cash
• Cotton decreased in demand
– price decreased
Reconstruction Collapses
• Republican Party weakened
– Panic of 1873- financial crisis; started a depression
• Corrupt government under President Grant
• Democrats Regain Power
– Redemption- return to power in 1870s
Election of 1876
• Republican candidate: Rutherford B. Hayes
• Democratic candidate: Samuel H. Tilden
– won popular vote
– 1 electoral vote short
• Compromise of 1877
– Hayes became president
– Federal troops removed from South
– Ended Reconstruction
• Home rule- running state government without
federal control
Segregation Begins
• Jim Crow Laws- Laws enacted by Southern states
and local government to separate white and
black people in public and private facilities
• Plessy v. Ferguson- an 1896 case in which the
Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races
in public accommodations was legal, thus
establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine
Post-Reconstruction Period
• African Americans were determined to claim
full citizenship
– All the rights that whites enjoyed
– Jim Crow Laws, Poll Taxes, and Literacy Tests
• Prevented full citizenship and participation in
government
• African American leaders differed in how
equality should be obtained
Booker T. Washington
• Born a slave
• Received an education
• Founded the Tuskegee Institute
– Provides vocational training for African Americans
– Blue Collar: welders, blacksmiths, skilled laborers
– George Washington Carver developed new crops to
aid poverty-stricken farmers
• Equality comes from contributing to the economy
• Did not speak openly against Jim Crow and
Segregation
– Lynching
W.E.B. DuBois
• Born free (north)
• Educated (PhD from Harvard)
• African Americans should gain educations that
suit their talents
– White Collar: doctors, lawyers, professionals
• Opposed Washington’s strategy
• National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP)
– Full social and political equality
• Popular in the black community, but not white
Ida Wells-Barnet
• Born a slave
• Educated in a “freedom school” during
Reconstruction
• Became a teacher and newspaper writer
• Forcibly removed from a railroad car and forced
to sit in a colored-only car
• Outspoken and critical of Jim Crow
– Caused her to lose her job
• Anti-lynching crusade
– Considered a militant
• Raised awareness of the conditions for African
Americans in the nation