Transcript Slide 1

America’s Civil War
North vs. South
1861-1865
President Abraham Lincoln
•President of the United States (the North!!!)
•Southern States SECEDED
because they thought Lincoln
would end slavery
President Jefferson Davis
• President of the Confederate States (the
South!!!)
•Southern Capital was in
Richmound, Virginia
Northern (Union) Advantages
• More people than South
• More factories
• Make more weapons & supplies
• More/better
railroads
• More ships
Look at all of the Northern ADVANTAGES!!!!
Northern (Union) Disadvantages
• North had to Invade/attack the South
• They don’t know hiding spots
•They don’t know the terrain
• North had to fight the DETERMINED South
Southern (Confederate) Advantages
• White Southerners STRONGLY
SUPPORTED the war
• Fighting on their own land
• they know hiding spots; know land
• determined to keep their land
• Experienced military leaders
• Had slaves to work on fields, while soldiers
fought
Southern (Confederate) Disadvantages
• Less people than North
• fewer soldiers/ slaves didn’t fight
• Hardly any factories
• Couldn’t make weapons & supplies
• Hardly any railroads
Battle at Fort Sumter
U.S. Fort off
the coast of
South
Carolina
South
wanted to
attack and
capture Fort
Sumter
1st Battle of the Civil War- April 12,1861
Battle at Fort Sumter
1. U.S. troops were low on supplies & were stuck in
the Fort
2. Lincoln sends supplies to his troops
3. The South attacks Fort Sumter before the
supplies can get there!!!
4. The North surrenders after 33 hours
5. The South wins the 1st battle & gets control of
the fort!
The South bombarding Fort Sumter with cannon fire
1st Battle of Bull Run
• July 21, 1861
1. The North drives the South back
2. Then Stonewall Jackson helps the South by
bringing reinforcements!!
3. The South Drives the Northerners back
4. The Northern troops RUN AWAY!
5. The South Wins AGAIN!
Southern General: Stonewall Jackson
•Leader of the 1st Battle of
Bull Run (South Won)
Nickname:
Someone stated “There is
Jackson standing like a
stone wall." The soldiers
under his command came
to admire his stubborn
courage and started calling
him "Stonewall" Jackson
Approximately 5,000 men died (3,000 were Union soldiers)
The Lives of Soldiers
Union (North)
Uniform
Confederate (South)
Uniform
The Lives of Soldiers
Draft Laws:
South
• Men 18- 35 (1862)
•Men 18 - 45 (1862)
•Men 17- 50 (1864)
North-1863
•Men 20-45
North- Many men “got out” of being drafted
•paid $300 fee or hired substitute
•Only 6% of the drafted men served!
The Lives of Soldiers
Food Was SCARCE!!!
• Food
Choices were limited.
•Meats were salted or smoked
•Fruits and vegetables were dried or canned.
• Soldiers
got daily rations.
• Everything was given out uncooked so the soldiers
prepared their meals.
•Small groups would often gather together to cook
and share their rations and they called the group a
"mess"
The Lives of Soldiers
What did they eat?
•Hardtack was a biscuit made
of flour.
• Soldiers were allowed six to
eight Hardtack crackers for a
3 day ration
• Hardtack did not get to the soldiers until months after it had
been made. By that time, they were very hard, so hard that
soldiers called them "sheet iron crackers". Sometimes they
were infested with small bugs the soldiers called weevils, so
they referred to the hardtack as "worm castles."
The Lives of Soldiers
What did they eat?
• Meat
•Coffee
•Hardtack
•Stew
• If a march was near, men would cook everything at once
and store it in their haversack, (a canvas bag made with a
sling to hang over the shoulder).
•Haversacks had a inner cloth bag that could be removed
and washed, though it still became a greasy, foul-smelling
container after several weeks of use.
The Lives of Soldiers
Civil War Entertainment
• Wrote
letters home/ diaries
•Read (newspapers, bibles magazines)
•Played music (banjo, fiddle, guitar)
•Races (wheel barrel, soldiers on hogs,
cockaroaches)
•Played baseball
•Bowling (used cannon balls!)
•Sat around and talked
The Lives of Women
What were women doing during the war?
• Took over men’s jobs
• Worked in factories (north)
• Tended to the farms (south)
• Became nurses
• Made uniforms & blankets for soldiers
•Some were SPIES!
The Lives of Women
Nurse: Clara Barton
• Delivered supplies to battle
fields
• Tended to the wounded
soldiers
• 1881- Organized the
American Red Cross
• served as its President for 20
years!
The Lives of Women
Spy: Rose Greenhow
• Entertained Union Troops
• Actually spying on North
• Was caught
• Exiled to the South (she was
greeted with CHEERS!)
The Lives of African Americans
South
• Beginning of war: 3.5 million slaves!!!
• Southerners didn’t want slaves fighting
•Slaves worked: on farms; in coal & iron mines; as
nurses & cooks
•1865 (last year of war)- South finally started using
them in battle
Slaves working in the fields during the Civil War
The Lives of African Americans
North
• Beginning of war: couldn’t join Northern army
• 1862- could serve in Northern army
•Made up 10% of Union Army; 18% of Navy
• 200,000 served; 37,000 died for the U.S.
The Lives of African Americans
Most cooking
occurred on an
outdoor fire. In
the early days
of the war
freed slaves
were not
allowed to
carry a rifle
and fight. They
were often
given the role
of cook
The Lives of African Americans
North
• Soldiers were
SEPARATE from
whites in the army
• Got LOWER
PAY than whites
(until 1864)
• Could not
become
commanding
officers
Company E, 4th US. Colored Infantry
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln issued this:
January 1, 1863
•Freed all slaves in
Confederate States
•DID NOT free slaves in NonRebel states
•Felt slaves were helping South
prolong war
Emancipation Proclamation
• Did not actually free anyone– southern owners
didn’t just let slaves leave.
•Many slaves heard about Proclamation
•Some tried to escape (100,000 slaves escaped
BEFORE Proclamation)
-Signing of
Emancipation
Proclamation
13th Amendment
• 1865– added to constitution
• Freed ALL Slaves
•No More Slavery in U.S.
Battle of Shiloh
• April 6th-7th 1862
1. April 6th- South launches a surprise attack!
2. The South drives General Grant & the North
Back!
3. April 7th – 25,000 more Northern troops
come to help
4. The North Attacks and Wins!
Northern General: Ulysses S. Grant
•Leader of the Battle of Shiloh
(North Won)
• Forced
General Robert
E. Lee and the South to
SURRENDER at
Appomattox Courthouse
Over 20,000 troops were killed & wounded in the Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Antietam
• September 17, 1862
1. Bloodiest Single Day Battle- 23,000 Killed &
Wounded
2. Lee & South attacked the North
3. The North Was LUCKY—they had a copy of
Lee’s Battle plans!!!!
4. The South retreats, so North Claimed Victory!
Southern General: Robert E. Lee
• Most important Southern
military leader
• Surrendered
and ended
the war
• He never went to jail
for his role in the Civil
War
Confederate troops lay dead after the Battle of Antietam
This picture
shows
President
Lincoln at
Antietam
after the
battle
Battle of Gettysburg
• July 1st- 3rd, 1863
1. July 1st- North had to retreat
2. July 2nd- North faced heavy attack but held firm
3. July 3rd – South had to retreat; lost too many
men
4. North Won!
* Battle with the most killed and wounded (46,000
in 3 days)
Gettysburg Address
• November 19th, 1863
1. Lincoln gave his famous speech telling
people to remember the people who died in
battle
2. Stated, “these dead shall not have died in
vain—this nation shall have a new birth of
freedom”
Gettysburg Address
Northern General: William Sherman
•Sherman and his
65,000 troops were
in Georgia for 36
days and destroyed
everything that could
help the South
during the war
•Southern Civilians
had been evacuated
before he set
Atlanta on fire
Sherman’s March Through Georgia
• November 18th – December 22nd, 1864
•Sherman ordered his troops to burn crops, kill livestock,
consume supplies, and destroy civilian infrastructure along
their path. This is called total war.
•The Army wrecked 300 miles (480 km) of railroad and
numerous bridges and miles of telegraph lines.
•It seized 5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 13,000 head of
cattle.
•It confiscated 9.5 million pounds of corn and 10.5 million
pounds of fodder, and destroyed uncounted cotton gins and
mills.
Sherman Crippled the South (destroyed railroads, buildings, farms)
Union soldiers wrecking railroad lines
SHERMAN'S TROOPS BURNING A RAILROAD STATION.
Sherman’s March Through Georgia
He captured 1,328 prisoners and 167 guns,
and destroyed 20,000 bales of cotton.
•About 10,000 slaves fled their plantations to follow
Sherman's army
•The North took over the city of Savannah, Georgia
•Sherman’s march was a HUGE success for the
North!
Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse
• April 9th, 1865
•General Lee surrendered to Northern General Ulysses Grant.
•The Southern soldiers put down their weapons, and then were
free to go home.
•The Civil War was OVER!!!
•The North Won!!!
•The North & South stay ONE Nation!
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendering to Union General
Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865
Civil War Facts
• More than 3 million men fought in the war.
• More than 620,000 people died
• There were 6,000,000 cases of disease in the
Federal armies, which meant that, on an average,
every man was sick at least twice.
Civil War Field Hospital
Civil War Effects
• Much of the South was destroyed
• Southern houses, farms, railroads & bridges were
ruined
• 4 million Southern Slaves were freed after the war
• These slaves DIDN’T have homes, jobs, food,
clothes, or money