Transcript The Civil war

THE US FALLS APART
•
In March of 1861, 7 states had seceded and these rebel states formed
the Confederate States of America.
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The Confederacy chose Jefferson Davis as the president and raised a
volunteer army.
THE US FALLS APART
•
War broke out at Fort Sumter which was located in SC but was still
controlled by the US army.
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Jefferson Davis tried to make the army surrender but they refused.
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The Confederacy opened fire and the Union had to surrender two days
later.
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Lincoln told the Union states to let the government be in control of their
militias.
NC SECEDES
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NC governor, John Ellis, was angry at Lincoln’s request to the militias
He seized federal forts, arsenals & the mint so the federal government
wouldn’t get access.
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Plantation owners wanted to officially secede Others did not want to
leave but were scared to have a war where they were not united with the
rest of the South.
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NC unanimously seceded on May 20, 1861.
THE BATTLE OF MANASSAS
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Northern Virginia was the first, large battlefront
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At this battle, the Union was confident they would win & met the South
at the railroad crossing.
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Confederate leader, Thomas Jackson, led such a strong defense that he
earned the nickname, “Stonewall Jackson.”  The Union had to retreat
to Washington DC.
•
60,000 soldiers fought, 5,000 died.
THE ANACONDA PLAN
• War came to the NC coast a month after the Battle of Manassas
• The Union created a plan to fight battles all around the coast known as
the Anaconda Plan.
• The Union chose this plan because blocking the coast would hurt the
South’s economy & ability to get supplies.
• The Union planned to set up a naval blockade & also capture the trading
cities.
THE ANACONDA PLAN
• The Union hit the Outer Banks in August of 1861 & captured Roanoke,
New Bern, Beaufort & Plymouth over the next few months.
• Free African Americans often lived in the coastal cities and were happy to
help the Union soldiers.
• The captured cities became havens for the African Americans where they
lived with their families & set up churches & schools.
NORTH VS. SOUTH
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The Union had more men, money, factories, railroads and supplies.
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The Confederacy had strong generals and family involvement.
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The Union also had better strategies –despite inexperienced soldiers--&
a stronger central government.
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The Confederacy knew the land better but also spent more time growing
cash crops rather than supplies.
War on Water
•Fort Fisher, south of Wilmington, was NC’s most important fort it was a
mile long along the coast & made of mounded earth and sand
•The fort protected Wilmington & allowed goods to be shipped in & out
•Blockade runners carried cotton to British ports & brought back essentials
(like food & water) & luxuries (like wine & perfume)
•The ships had to sail at night & had to hug the coast to avoid being seen
•The four types of warships in NC were ironclads, cooners, mosquito
gunboats & submarines
Emancipation
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•The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1,
1863 it said all slaves in the Confederacy were free & that African Americans were
officially allowed to become Union soldiers.
•The Proclamation did NOT free the slaves in the border states of Maryland,
Delaware, Kentucky or Missouri
•The Southern states ignored the Emancipation Proclamation
The War in NC
•New Bern became a training center for black soldiers & the women there created
a relief organization to help the troops.
•Overall, 200,000 African Americans fought with the Union by the end of the war.
•A conscription was started in the Spring of 1862 in the Confederacy Healthy
men between 18 & 35 had to serve 3 years in the army & farmers had to give up
their harvest to the troops
•The conscription hurt the small-scale farmers & left them with many food
shortages.
•The wealthy were not hurt as much & many professionals could avoid having to
fight or pay someone to do it.
The War in NC
•North Carolinians were mostly stationed in northern Virginia.
•NC got its “Tar Heels” nickname during the Civil War some said the name
was meant to be a compliment but some said it was an insult.
•NC got a new governor, Zebulon Vance, in 1862 he had been against
secession & was elected by people who were also against secession.
•NC had sent more troops to the Confederacy than any other state thought
they had little say in the government or military.
•Vance tried to improve conditions & called for the Confederates to work
harder at taking back coastal towns.
The Women and the War
•Women who lived on farms suffered the most with the men away, the women had to do the
hard labor
•Women also had to find substitutes during the food shortages As an example, flour went
from costing $18 to $120 Women also complained that grain was used to make alcohol
rather than food.
•Life was easier for the women who lived in towns & cities many of these women still got jobs
as cooking or making uniforms.
•Women began to become teachers & nurses at this time
Unhappy Soldiers
•Many Civil War soldiers deserted the military—especially NC men who
did not like how the state was treated
•A big source of unhappiness was the tax-in-kind
•Quaker counties—such as Forsyth & Guilford—created the Heroes of
America and help soldiers leave the war or hide from the draft
•Deserters were punished severely
Unhappy Soldiers
•Many deserters went to the mountains of NC especially Confederates but
there were some Union men
•Mountain residents were upset because the soldiers often raided their
towns for supplies and food
•William Thomas convinced the military to allow Cherokee soldiers
•Malinda Balock was an NC woman who joined her husband in battle
The Battle of Gettysburg
•Robert E. Lee led his men to the Union in Pennsylvania for the Battle of
Gettysburg in July of 1863
•This was the bloodiest battle in US history 28,000 Confederates died,
23,000 Union & 4,000 NC men after 3 days
•This made Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address
•The next day, Ulysses Grant capture the last Confederate port in Vicksburg,
Mississippi this made the South fear defeat
Sherman’s March
•Union General, William Sherman marched into NC in February of 1865
•Jefferson Davis sneaked through Greensboro to escape
•Sherman believed in “total war” which meant destroy military targets &
civilian towns his biggest attack was on Atlanta
The War Ends
•The last battle of the Civil War was the Battle of Bentonville in NC- It was
a disaster for the Confederacy who had 20,000 men when the Union had
60,000.
•Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia.
•General Johnson also surrendered to Sherman outside of Durham.
•Lincoln was assassinated 5 days after Lee surrendered
Death Toll
•20,000 NC soldiers died in battle
•20,000 NC soldiers died of disease
•NC had the most deaths out of any Confederate state
•260,000 Confederate soldiers died
•360,000 Union soldiers died