Transcript Guided Notes on Reconstruction

Plan to repair damage caused
by the Civil War and reunite the nation
Key Questions
1. How do we
bring the South
back into the
Union?
2. How do we
rebuild the
South after its
destruction
during the war?
4. What branch
of government
should control
the process of
Reconstruction?
3. How do we
integrate and
protect newlyemancipated
black freedmen?
Congressional “Radical” Reconstruction
1. Goal 1: protect rights of freedmen
a. 13th Amendment: abolishes slavery
b. 14th Amendment: makes African-Americans citizens
c. 15th Amendment: cannot deny vote based on race
Colored rule in a reconstructed state
What does
this
cartoonist
think of the
15th
amendment
?
2. Goal 2: grant compensation to freedmen
a. Freedmen’s Bureau: gov organization that
provided food, clothing, healthcare and edu
to black and white refugees from South
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Reunited families separated by slavery
Negotiated labor contracts
Represented freedmen in court
BUT, under-funded!
Plenty to eat and nothing to do.
What does
this
cartoonist
think of the
Freedman’s
Bureau?
3. Goal 3: punish Confederate leaders
a.
Plan to take political and econ power
from leaders and give to poor
i.
Submit to military rule – 5 districts
governed by northern generals
ii. hold new elections (only qualified
voters can vote - no rebel leaders)
iii. write new state constitutions
iv. guarantee equal rights to all citizens
Did this
cartoonist
think the
South was
ready to end
military
reconstruction
in 1876?
"Five More Wanted."
©1876
Reconstruction ended 1
year later
The Burden of Reconstruction
• This cartoon appeared in
a northern newspaper in
the 1870s.
• President Grant
• Union soldiers
• the South
• 1. What do the weapons
and soldiers in the
cartoon represent?
• 2. What is the woman
doing? Is her task easy or
difficult?
• 3. What is this
cartoonist’s view of
Reconstruction?
What was Johnson’s goal with
Reconstruction?
"I intend to confiscate the lands of these rich
men whom I have excluded from pardon by my
proclamation, and divide the proceeds thereof
among the families of the wool hat boys, the
Confederate soldiers, whom these men forced
into battle to protect their property in slaves."
“Damn the negroes! I am fighting these
traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”
Presidential Reconstruction
(Andrew Johnson)
1. Disagrees with
Congress’ goals!
2. Goal = punish Confed
leaders
a.
b.
Plan to take econ and
pol power from leaders
and give to poor whites
BUT, personally pardons
(forgives) 13,500
wealthy planters
i.
Old leaders come back to
power 
President Johnson’s Impeachment
1. Tenure of office act – law prevented president from
firing cabinet members without Senate’s consent
2. Johnson fires Sec. of War = violation
3. House votes to impeach (accuse of high crimes and
misdemeanors)
4. Found NOT GUILTY!
*Not kicked out, by one vote
Senator Ben Butler
“By murder most foul did he
succeed to the Presidency, and is
the elect of an assassin to that
high office
What is this
Senator’s opinion of
Andrew Johnson
The Political Crisis of 1877
Compromise of 1877
Election of 1876
1. Demos. gave
presidency to Repub.
Hayes
2. in return troops would
be removed from the
south
3. Reconstruction is
OVER!!
Hayes
Prevails
What is the
cartoonist
trying to say
about the
Republican and
Democratic
parties?
VENN – DIAGRAM
of the two plans for Reconstruction
Successes
1. Rise of Black Church
a. Served as school, community center,
employment agency, and political
rallying point
b. Morehouse College – black university in
Atl… started in a Church basement
2. Land ownership in
Kansas
a. Homestead Act: gov
GIVES 160 acres to
anyone willing to
improve / work land
for 5 years
b. Exodusters: ex-slaves
who moved to
Kansas
Failures
1. Ku Klux Klan (KKK):
group that terrorized
Republicans and
blacks
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Disenfranchised:
blacks… prevent them
from voting
Lynchings – illegal
hangings
Scalawags
(southern republicans)
Carbetbaggers
(northern who
moved to south)
Tamper with elections
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
“This is the White Man’s
Government”-Democratic Party
Slogan, 1868
1. Black schools on fire and
lynched bodies
2. Irish Democrat holding club
to keep black man from
voting
3. Nathan Bedford Forest,
Confederate Veteran –
started KKK
4. “This is the white man’s
gov’t” button
5. Democratic Businessman
6. The ballot box
Watch Without
Sanctuary
http://www.withoutsan
ctuary.org/main.html
2. Black Codes restrictions for
formers slaves
a. carry passes
(identification)
b. observe curfew
c. punish vagrancy
(fine or whip
those not
working)
d. Land restrictions
 forced to live
on plantation
3. Sharecropping:
landowner allows a
tenant to use the
land in return for a
share of the crop
produced.
a. Landowner is
former plantation
owner
b. Could be fined for
missing a single day
of work
c. Charged for
housing  debt
(trapped on the
plantation)
4. Jim Crow Laws – laws that
disenfranchised blacks and
upheld segregation
a.
b.
c.
d.
Grandfather Clause must prove
grandfather voted in last
election
Literacy Test: must be able to
read a write
Poll Tax: must pay a fee
Plessy v Ferguson: supreme
court case which legalized
segregation
i.
“Separate but equal” facilities were
considered legal
Take the Alabama
Literacy Test
http://kpearson.proje
ct.tcnj.edu/interactive
/imm_files/test.html
Evaluate Reconstruction:
Successes and Failures
GOOD
• The Union is restored.
• Southern economic
rebuilding begins.
• African Americans are
granted citizenship and
voting rights.
• Freedmen’s Bureau helps
African Americans get
education, housing, and
jobs.
• Public school system
develops in the South.
BAD
• Many southerners are
caught in a cycle of
poverty.
• Southern governments
limit African American
voting. (black codes)
• KKK and other groups
terrorize.
• Many southerners remain
bitter toward the federal
government and
Republican Party.
Whose authority
WhatWhat
invention
showed
helped
the
country
Inwas
what
way
did country
the
of the Civil War
To
What
which
parts
the
purpose
of the
ofend
colleges
was
the harsh
realities
become
auniversities
global
change
the way
that the states and
did
and
African
Americans
founded
‘cemented’
of
war? after
economic
power?
federal
government
migrate
after
the
theCivil
Civil
War?
War? interacted?
after the
war?the