Transcript adjective clauses

UNIT
13
Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns
Famous
Faces and
Places
History 101
Okay, who
let’s
start studying for our
a She’s
scientist
whose
Oh,
She
IShe’s
know.
discovered
the
a woman
element
of
Wow.
GoodI’llanswers.
Okay, next
history
exam.
ask
a
question,
and
discoveries
have
greatly
affected
What
did
she
discover?
radium,
won the
which
Nobel
isPrize
usedin
inquestion.
1903.
X-rays.
Who
was
Gandhi?
Who
is
Marie
Curie?
you
tell
me
the
answer.
the medical field.
Adjective Clauses 1
Use adjective clauses to identify or give additional
information about nouns (people, places, or things).
Hewas
lived
in the
state
of Gujarat,
Gandhi
a man
who
worked
for peace.
which is in Western India.
clause
The clause The
which
is in who worked
for peace
Western India
gives identifies the
man we are talking
additional information
about Gujarat. about.
Adjective Clauses 2
Adjective clauses can also identify or describe indefinite
pronouns such as one, someone, somebody, something,
another, and other(s).
George Washington Carver someone
is someone
who was a famous botanist.
The adjective clause directly
follows the noun (or pronoun)
it is identifying.
Adjective Clause 3
Sentences with adjective clauses can be seen as
a combination of two sentences.
Florence Nightingale was a nurse.
Beethoven was a composer.
+
+
=
=
She developed
His music is still enjoyed
by many modern
people. healthcare methods.
Beethoven was aFlorence
composer
Nightingale
whose
was a nurse who
music is still enjoyed
developed
by many
modern
people.
healthcare methods.
Relative Pronouns 1
Adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns. Subject
relative pronouns can be who, that, which, and whose.
Use whose
refer
to
Abraham
ThetoMona
Lincoln
Lisa iswas
a painting
an American
which
people’s
president
ispossessions.
knownwho
who
throughout
fought against
the world.
slavery.
OR
whose
inventions
Thomas Edison,
whose
inventions
Abraham
The
Mona
Lisa iswas
a painting
an American
that
changed the world, was
born
in Lincoln
1847.
president
is knownthat
that
throughout
fought against
the world.
slavery.
That
is or
less
formal
than
Use
Use
who
which
that
or
that
to to
refer to
who
which
used
referand
toplaces
people.
orand
things.
more in conversation.
Be Careful!
Do not use a subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
and a subject relative pronoun in the same adjective clause.
William Shakespeare is an Englishman
who he wrote many well-known plays.
William Shakespeare is an Englishman
who wrote many well-known plays.
Practice 1
Combine the groups of sentences into
one sentence with an adjective
clause. Use the appropriate relative
pronouns.
Example: a) Albert
Example:
AlbertEinstein
Einsteinwas
wasaaphysicist.
physicist who/that
the Nobel
PrizePrize
in Physics
in 1921.
b)won
He won
the Nobel
in Physics
in 1921.
1.Ang
a) Ang
San Su KyiaisBurmese
a Burmese
peace
activist
in Myanmar.
San Su Kyi isAlbert
peace
activist
in
Myanmar
Einstein was a physicist who won
which
is a country
located
inPrize
Southeast
Asia.inAsia.
Nobel
in Southeast
Physics
1921.
b) Myanmar
is a the
country
located
in
OR
2.Diego
a) Diego
Rivera
was
a
Mexican
painter.
Rivera was a Mexican painter whose work is
Albert
Einstein
a physicist
that won
displayed
in many
famous
b) His work
is displayed
in museums.
many was
famous
museums.
the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
3. a) Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun.
Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun who/that devoted her
life
the
poor. her life to the poor.
b) to
She
devoted
Practice 2
• Kate Winslet is a beautiful actress who/that acted in Titanic.
• Bruno Mars is an American pop singer who became famous with his hit
“Just the Way You Are.”
• Jacki Chan is an actor who has acted in many action movies.
• Leo Messi is a soccer player who is the best in the world.
• Leonardo DiCaprio is an actor whose movies like Titanic are very famous.
• Gandhi is an Indian leader whose goal was peace.
• Barack Obama is a man who is the president of the USA.
• Shakira is a famous singer who is from Colombia.
• Prince William is a famous prince who is the father of Prince George.
• Harry Potter is a famous wizard who defeats the darkness.
• Adele is a singer who sang “Skyfall” in the James Bond movie.
Relative Pronouns 2
Relative pronouns have the same form whether they refer to
singular or plural nouns, or to males or females.
Ferdinand Magellan was the
man who led the first
expedition to sail around the
world.
Amelia Earhart was the woman
who was the first female pilot to
fly across the Atlantic.
Pioneers are people who do
things others think impossible.
Verbs in Adjective Clauses
The verb in the adjective clause is singular if the subject
relative pronoun refers to a singular noun. It is plural if it refers
to a plural noun.
singular verb
Copernicus was an astronomer who is
known for his theory that the world is round.
Plato and Aristotle are ancient Greek
men who are known for philosophies.
plural verb
Be Careful!
When whose + noun is the subject of an adjective clause, the
verb agrees with the subject of the adjective clause.
Jane Austen was an English novelist
whose novels is read by many students.
Jane Austen was an English novelist
whose novels are read by many students.
subject
Two Kinds of Adjective
Clauses
There are two kinds of adjective clauses,
identifying and nonidentifying.
The adjective clause
The
books which are on
identifies which books the
thesentence
table belong
to me.
talks about.
The adjective clause is not
The
books, which are on
necessary to identify which
thebooks
table,
belong
toto.
me.
are
referred
Commas
A nonidentifying adjective clause is separated from the rest of the
sentence by commas. Do not use commas with an identifying
adjective clause.
The map, which
is on
Nonidentifying
Adjective
the table,
is new.
Clause
Identifying
The map
which is on the
tableAdjective
is new. Clause
Be Careful!
Do not use that to introduce nonidentifying adjective clauses.
Use who for people and which for places and things.
Athens, that is the birthplace
Marie Curie, that won the Nobel Prize,
of the Olympics, is in
discovered
Greece. radium.
Athens, which is theMarie
birthplace
Curie, who won the Nobel Prize,
of the Olympics, is in
Greece. radium.
discovered
Practice 2
Example:
Find and correct the errors in the
adjective clauses of the sentences.
Discuss your answers with a partner.
Italy, which
that is is
the
birthplace
ofof
opera,
is is
aa
the
birthplace
opera,
fascinating country.
1. Louis Armstrong was a famous American musician who he
made jazz popular.
recentlybecome
becomewellwell2. Frida Kahlo, whose paintings have
has recently
known, was a Mexican painter.
SouthAfrica,
Africa,fought
foughtagainst
against
3. Nelson Mandela, who lives
live ininSouth
apartheid.
4. Chinua Achebe is a Nigerian author which
writes
novels
who writes
novels
about village life.
5. Valentina Tereshkova ,who was the first woman to travel
into space, is Russian.
Identifying and Non-Identifying
clauses
• ID
-Usually describes general noun
-Gives Necessary information
to show which one;
we need info to identify
- No commas
Non-ID
-Usually describes unique
noun
-Extra information is included;
not needed to identify
-Uses commas
-- No “that”
Identifying and Non identifying clauses
What’s the difference?
• I have a lot of good friends. My friend who lives in
Chicago visits me often.
(It is necessary to identify which friend)
• I have a lot of good friends. My best friend, who lives in
Chicago, visits me often.
( The friend has been identified as best friend and the rest
of the information is additional)
• My sister, who lives in Seattle, is an introvert.
(I have only one sister. She’s an introvert.)
• My sister who lives in Seattle is an introvert.
(I have three sisters. This one is an introvert.)