Transcript noun + adjective clause

CONTENTS
12-1
12-2
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
Adjective clauses: introduction
Using who and whom in adjective ...
Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ...
Using which and that in adjective clauses
Singular and plural verbs in adjective …
Using prepositions in adjective clauses
Using whose in adjective clauses
1
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
I have a terrific friend
who is very kind.
2
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
adjective
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(a) I have a
terrific
+ noun
friend.
adjective + noun
(b) I have a thoughtful friend.
adjective modifies noun
3
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
adjective
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(a) I have a
terrific
+ noun
friend.
adjective + noun
(b) I have a thoughtful friend.
adjective
noun
(usually)
4
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
noun
11-10 CPITALIZATION
+
adjective clause
(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
11-10 CPITALIZATION
noun
+ adjective clause
(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.
noun
11-10 CPITALIZATION
+
adjective clause
(e) I have a friend who lives next door.
adjective clause modifies noun
5
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
noun
11-10 CPITALIZATION
+
adjective clause
(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
11-10 CPITALIZATION
noun
+ adjective clause
(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.
noun
11-10 CPITALIZATION
adjective clause
(e) I have a friend who lives next door.
noun
+
adjective clause
6
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The boy who has the phone
is adorable.
7
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The child is adorable. He has the phone.
(b) The child who has the phone is adorable.
he is a subject pronoun
who is a subject pronoun
who
he
adjective clause
8
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The child is adorable.
(b) The child who has the phone is adorable.
INCORRECT: The child is adorable
who has the phone.
noun
adjective clause
9
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) The child was funny. I saw him.
(d) The child whom I saw was funny.
is an object pronoun
him
whom is an object pronoun
whom
him
adjective clause
10
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) The child was funny.
(d) The child who has the phone was funny.
noun + adjective clause
INCORRECT:
The child was funny who has the phone.
11
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
who
Jonah is in my English class.
He is an excellent student.
Jonah who is an excellent student
is in my English class.
12
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
who
Mary is an artist.
She is very talented.
Mary who is very talented
is an artist.
13
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
Ø
We see the vendors.
They are working in the floating
market.
The vendors whom we see are
working in the floating market.
14
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
The girl that has the phone
is friendly.
15
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
(a) The girl is friendly.
(b) The girl who has the phone is friendly.
same
meaning
(c) The girl that has the phone is friendly.
INCORRECT:
The girl has the phone is friendly.
16
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
(a) The child is adorable. He has the phone.
(c) The child that has the phone is adorable.
He is a subject pronoun
that can be the subject
that
He
adjective clause
17
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
S
O
(d) The child was funny. I knew her.
who(m)
that
(e) The child who(m) I knew was funny.
(f) The child
that I knew was funny.
(g) The child Ø I knew
was funny.
object pronoun can be omitted
from adjective clause
18
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
OR
INCORRECT
?
The people who(m) I met last night
were really funny.
19
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
OR
INCORRECT
?
The woman is reading is my sister.
20
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
OR
INCORRECT
?
The woman that is reading is my sister.
21
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The computer that I just
bought is really fast.
22
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
s v
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
s v
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
s v
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.
which
that
who, whom
things
people / things
people
23
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.
It
which
adjective clause
24
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.
It
that
adjective clause
25
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) That computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) That computer which is new is really fast.
(c) That computer that is new is really fast.
INCORRECT:
That computer is new is really fast.
26
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
s v o
(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.
o s v
(e) The old car which I drive needs work.
o s v
(f) The old car that I drive needs work.
s v
(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.
which, that
object in adjective clause
27
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.
(e) The old car which I drive needs work.
same meaning
(f) The old car that I drive needs work.
same meaning
(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.
28
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
which
We played a game. The game was fun.
The game which we played
was fun.
29
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
Ø
We played a game. The game was fun.
The game we played
was fun.
30
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
that
Where is the supermarket?
It sells great produce.
Where is the supermarket
that sells great produce?
31
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
I have a friend who is a
wonderful gardener.
32
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
(a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.
singular noun
singular verb
33
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
(b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners.
plural noun
plural verb
34
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE
People who travel to other countries
are required to have a passport.
___
is
are
35
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE
A set of twins that ___
is not identical
___
is called fraternal.
is
are
36
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE
There are many people in
speak more than
Europe who ______
one language.
speak
speaks
37
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The new student I talked to
was thrilled to be here.
38
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
PREP Obj.
(a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to
her.
(b) The teacher
PREP
Obj.
whom I talked to is friendly.
(c) The teacher
that
I talked to
is friendly.
(d) The teacher
Ø
I talked to
is friendly.
39
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
FORMAL ENGLISH
MUST have pronoun
PREP Obj.
(e) The teacher
to whom I talked is friendly.
preposition + whom + adjective clause
which
40
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
PREP Obj.
(f) The paper is long. I am working on
it.
PREP
Obj.
(g) The paper which I am working on
is long.
(h) The paper
that I am working on
is long.
Ø I am working on
is long.
(i) The paper
41
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
FORMAL ENGLISH
MUST have pronoun
PREP Obj.
(j) The paper
on which I am working is long.
preposition + whom + adjective clause
which
42
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
which
We went to a game. It was boring.
The game which we
went to was boring.
43
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE
two sentences
one sentence
Ø
We went to a game. It was boring.
The game Ø we
went to was boring.
44
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE
We visited a Rodin museum
yesterday. It was beautiful.
that
The Rodin museum that we visited
yesterday was beautiful.
45
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The boy whose wrist is
broken has a cast.
46
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The boy has a cast.
His wrist is broken.
47
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The boy has a cast.
His wrist is broken.
whose wrist
(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
whose
possession
48
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The boy has a cast.
His wrist is broken.
whose wrist
(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
adjective clause
49
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) I have a friend.
Her mother is a doctor.
whose mother
(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.
whose
possession
50
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) I have a friend.
Her mother is a doctor.
whose mother
(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.
adjective clause
51
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(e) The family was moving.
I bought their car.
52
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(e) The family was moving.
I bought their car.
whose car
(f) The family whose car I bought was moving.
whose
possession
53
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) The family is moving.
I bought their car.
whose car
(d) The family whose car I bought was moving.
adjective clause
54
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE
who
whose
This is my friend Ichiro.
His sister is a famous
scientist.
This is my friend Ichiro whose sister
is a famous scientist.
55
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE
who
whose
I go to a great doctor.
She is very busy.
I go to a great doctor who is very busy.
56
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE
who
whose
I go to a busy doctor.
Her patients often have to wait
in line.
I go to a busy doctor whose patients often
have to wait in line.
57
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