Transcript Slide 1

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compositions. Click on one of the squares to
match the composition with the composer’s
name at the top of the slide. If you get it wrong,
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a “fact slide” about the composition and the
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RICHARD STRAUSS
Also Sprach
Zarathustra: Prelude
Carnival of the
Animals: “Fossils”
“American Salute”
“Maple Leaf Rag”
•Also Sprach Zarathustra:
Prelude
• Strauss born in Germany
• Tone Poem written in 1896 by Richard Strauss
• Tone poem is a piece that suggests strong feelings and
moods or that tells a dramatic story using only
instruments
• Scored for very large orchestra, including pipe organ
• Opens with low, ominous rumble in the pipe organ –
followed by first set of motifs (A) – rising melody in
unison trumpets, full brass chords, and ringing timpani
pattern. Repeated with slight variation.
• Third time, the chords are extended into a brilliant, full
orchestra fanfare (B). Listen for the pipe organ that
continues after the final chord.
BACH
Firebird: “Infernal
Dance”
Aida: “Triumphal
March”
Concerto for Two
Violins in d minor: 1st
Movement
12 American Preludes:
No. 9, “Tribute to
Aaron Copeland
Concerto for Two Violins in d
minor: 1st Movement
• Bach born in Germany
• His death in 1750 marked the end of the Baroque era
• Orphaned at the age of 10 – went to live with his older
brother, J. C. Bach
• Worked for the church – wrote an enormous amount of
music
• Often created a whole new set of choral and
instrumental pieces EVERY WEEK for Sunday services
• Concerto is a piece written for full orchestra with solo or
solos
• This piece has two solo violin parts – the second violin
plays before the first violin
MOZART
Pictures at an
Exhibition:
“Promenade”
Exsultate, Jubilate:
“Alleluja”
Carnival of the
Animals: “Fossils”
Abdelazar:
Rondeau
Exsultate, Jubilate: “Alleluja”
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Mozart was born in Austria in 1756
Began playing the harpsichord at the age of 3
Was composing music at the age of 5
Performing for European royalty by 6
Wrote his first symphony at 8 and his first opera at 11
Often deeply in debt and had trouble supporting his
family
• Wrote over 600 works of music by the time he died at the
age of 35 (600 pieces in 30 short years!)
• Exsultate, Jubilate was written when Mozart was 16
• The last movement, “Alleluja”, is still a favorite of
audiences
Stravinsky
Symphony No. 5:
1st Movement
Alsp Sprach
Zarathustra: Prelude
Firebird: “Infernal
Dance:
A Midsummer Night’s
Dream: “Dance of the
Clowns”
Firebird, “Infernal Dance”
• Stravinsky was born in Russia, 1882
• Died in New York, 1971
• His father was a singer but wanted his son to be an
attorney
• Had no interest in law and wanted to be a musician
• One of the most influential composers of the 20th century
• Firebird is a ballet
• Music begins with a loud, crashing chord, followed by a
scary, low-pitched theme (A)
• Has 5 different themes but does not follow a classic
“form”. The “A” theme is repeated several times
Saint-Saëns
A Midsummer Night’s
Dream: “Dance of the
Clowns”
“Maple Leaf Rag”
Gianni Schicchi:
“O mio babbino caro”
Carnival of the
Animals: “Fossils”
Carnival of the Animals:
“Fossils”
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Saint-Saëns born 1835 in Paris
Died 1921 in Algeria
Began writing music at age 4
Father died when he was only a few months old – raised by his
mother and aunt
Aunt gave him his first piano lessons
Could play dozens of Beethoven piano sonatas from memory at 11
Composed “Carnival of the Animals” as a joke for a special Mardi
Gras concert but would not allow it to be published during his
lifetime – he felt it was not a “serious” piece of music
Scored for two pianos and orchestra
Instruments imitate sounds and characteristics of animals
Gould
“American Salute”
Symphony No. 5:
1st Movement
12 American Preludes:
No. 9, “Tribute to
Aaron Copland”
Pictures at an
Exhibition:
“Promenade”
“American Salute”
• Gould was born in 1913 in New York
• Died in 1996 in Florida
• Was improvising at the piano and writing his first compositions
almost before he was old enough to go to school
• Published his first piano piece at 6
• Trained at Juilliard School of Music in New York
• Worked as a pianist in a theater as a teenager
• First staff pianist at the newly-opened Radio City Music Hall in the
1920’s
• Composed “American Salute” in less than a day in 1943 (during WW
II) for a U. S. Government Radio program
• Captures the energy of soldiers marching off to war and home
again, victorious
• Tune is a traditional Irish marching song – became known during
Civil War as “When Johnny Comes Marching Home”
Mussorgsky/Ravel
Pictures at an
Exhibition:
“Promenade”
Concerto for Two
Violins in d minor:
1st Movement
“American Salute”
Abdelazar:
Rondeau
Pictures at an Exhibition:
“Promenade”
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Mussorgsky was born 1839, Karevo, Russia
Died 1881, St. Petersburg, Russia
Born to a noble family
Had a good education – parents hoped he would follow family
tradition and become military officer
Abandoned military life for music
In “Pictures at an Exhibition”, Mussorgsky takes us to a gallery
where we can “walk” from picture to picture
Promenade theme will appear between each musical “picture” when
entire work is heard
Solo trumpet is featured throughout
Echoes the melodic and rhythmic style of Russian folk music
Originally written for piano, but was arranged for orchestra by
several composers, including French composer, Maurice Ravel
Vivaldi
“Take Five”
Gloria in D: “Gloria
In excelsis Deo”
Aida: “Triumphal
March”
Exsultate, Jubilate:
“Alleluja”
Gloria in D: “Gloria in excelsis
Deo”
• Born 1678, Venice, Italy
• Died 1741, Vienna, Austria
• Nicknamed “The Red Priest” because of his fiery red hair and
because he was a priest as well as a composer
• His father taught him to play the violin and became a well-known
solo violinist
• Since the only way to make a living as a musician was to work for
the church, he became a priest and found a job as music master at
a girls orphanage in Venice
• Wrote over 300 concertos, mostly for violin
• First section of the piece, “Gloria in excelsis Deo” is scored almost
like a concerto. Listen for octave leaps and running figures in thirds.
Melodies sung by chorus stay on same pitch or move by step.
Beethoven
Exsultate, Jublilate:
“Alleluja”
Pictures at an
Exhibition:
“Promenade”
Aida: “Triumphal
March”
Symphony No. 5:
1st Movement
Symphony No. 5: 1st Movement
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Born 1770, Bonn, German
Died 1827, Vienna, Austria
Father wanted him to be a famous child prodigy like Mozart – made him practice long
hours at the piano and perform in public before he was ready
Punished him for mistakes at the piano
Began to lose his hearing in his mid-20’s
People in town thought him rude – he wouldn’t speak when spoken to – townspeople
didn’t know he was deaf! Communicated with his family by writing on a small
chalkboard
Brahms and Schubert revered Beethoven and asked to be buried next to him when
they died
Often worked on several pieces at once – juggling back and forth from one to another
Symphony No. 5 and Symphony No. 6 written this way and both premiered at same
concert in 1808
Symphony No. 5 is vigorous – almost angry – noisily triumphant in the end
Written in sonata form (ABA)
“A” form begins with famous four-note motif of 3 eighth notes and one half note and is
repeated in different ways all through the piece
“B” form is a contrasting, lyrical theme
Puccini
Gianni Schicchi:
“O mio babbino caro”
Firebird: “Infernal
Dance”
“Maple Leaf Rag”
Carnival of the
Animals: “Fossils”
Gianni Schicchi: “O mio babbino
caro”
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Born 1858, Lucca, Italy
Died 1924, Brussels, Belgium
Undisciplined child and a poor student
Became one of the world’s most renowned opera composers
Came from a long line of musicians
Inspired to being composing after attending performance of Verdi’s “Aida”
Wrote many operas, many of which are still performed and admired
Most of his operas have sad, even tragic stories
Gianni Schicci is a comedy and Puccini’s only comic opera (short one act)
“O mio babbino caro” is sung by Lauretta who begs her father to do
something to make it possible for her to marry the man that she loves
Form is ABAB1B2
Aria is a song in an opera that features one singer
Verdi
Also Sprach
Zarathustra:
Prelude
Aida:
“Triumphal March”
Gloria in D: “Gloria
In excelsis Deo”
“American Salute”
Aida: “Triumphal March”
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Born 1813, Roncole, Italy
Died 1901, Milan, Italy
Studied music after his family moved to a larger city
At 20, he moved to Milan to pursue a career. Here he staged his first opera,
which was a great success
Composed one “hit” opera after another over the next 50 years
Suffered a stroke in 1901 – town officials covered the street outside his
room with straw so the horses wouldn’t disturb his rest
When he died, the streets of Milan were mobbed by the thousands, he was
loved so much
Aida completed in 1871 and first performed at the Royal Opera House in
Cairo, Egypt
Involves a love triangle between Aida, the Ethiopian king’s daughter,
Radames, the leader of the Egyptian army, and the Egyptian king’s
daughter
Form is ABACDEFE
Ginastera
12 American Preludes:
No. 9, “Tribute to
Aaron Copland”
“Maple Leaf Rag”
A Midsummer
Night’s Dream:
“Dance of the Clowns”
Gloria in D:
“Gloria in excelsis
Deo”
12 American Preludes: No. 9,
“Tribute to Aaron Copland”
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Born 1916, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Died 1983, Geneva, Switzerland
Wrote music that used styles, rhythms and traditions of Argentina
Also used every-day subjects about the people and lifestyles of Argentina,
such as farming and ranching
Entered the Buenos Aires conservatory of music at 12
Became well-known in Argentina while still young – music was performed
world-wide
One of the most influential Latin American composers of the 20th century
Visited the U.S. in 1945 and worked with American composer Aaron
Copland
Paid tribute to Copland by writing a prelude in his 12 American Preludes
Musical explosion of fast patterns – perhaps depicting the excitement of
New York City and the pleasure of discovering a new place and new ideas
Joplin
Concerto for Two
Violins in d minor:
1st Movement
Abdelazar:
Rondeau
“Maple Leaf Rag”
Symphony No. 5:
1st Movement
“Maple Leaf Rag”
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Born 1868 near Texarkana, Texas
Died 1917, New York, New York
Born into a poor, black family – abandoned by his father – mother must work cleaning
houses to support the family
Goes with his mother to work, playing her employers’ pianos and teaching himself to
play
Wanted to make something of himself – helped out by a teacher who taught him for
free. Later on, Joplin sent money back to his teacher when he was old and sick.
Studied composition at an all-black college in Missouri – played piano in cafes and
clubs
The Maple Leaf Club in Missouri was a private club where Joplin played piano –
“Maple Leaf Rag” named for this club
Cheerful, rhythmic piece that makes people want to get up and dance
Right hand plays syncopated melodies while left hand plays very steady rhythms that
jump or “stride” back and forth from lower to higher pitches across the keyboard
“Maple Leaf Rag” is made up for 4 themes: A, B, C, D
Mendelssohn
Gianni Schicchi:
“O Mio babbino caro”
“American Salute”
“Take Five”
A Midsummer Night’s
Dream: “Dance
Of the Clowns”
A Midsummer Night’s Dream:
“Dance of the Clowns”
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Born 1809, Hamburg, Germany
Died 1847, Berlin, Germany
Was a gifted child prodigy, like Mozart
Learned to compose for and play on violin and keyboard
instruments when he was very small
Born into a close-knit, loving, well-to-do family
17 when he composed a concert overture to
Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream
The story is a comedy, set in an enchanted forest filled
with fairies, a hobgoblin and humans
“The Dance of the Clowns” is pattern Introduction,
ABCADE, Coda.
All themes are built out of elements from the “A” tune.
Purcell
Carnival of the
Animals: “Fossils”
Aida:
“Triumphal March”
Abdelazar:
Rondeau
“American Salute”
Abedelazar: Rondeau
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Born 1659, London, England
Died 1695, London, England
His greatest love, and most of his music, was for the theater
Began as a singer
Uncle helped get him into the King’s private choir
Singing career ended when his voice changed
At 11 or 12, wrote a song for the King’s birthday – because one of
England’s greatest composers
• Abdelazar (The Moor’s Revenge) is a play written by a woman – a
story full of mistaken identities and trickery – not a happy tale. The
Rondeau is bright and dance-like.
• In the Rondeau, the music always returns to the main theme
• (A B A C A)
Desmond
Pictures at an
Exhibition:
“Promenade”
“American Salute”
“Take Five”
Symphony No. 5:
1st Movement
“Take Five”
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Born 1924, San Francisco, California
Died 1977, New York City
Had an unhappy childhood – music was his release
Learned violin in elementary school; switched to clarinet in high
school and then added saxophone, for which he was best known
Collaborated with a classically trained pianist, Dave Brubeck, who
formed a jazz quartet in 1951
Cool jazz – smooth and mellow with interesting rhythms and a
strong beat but without heavy percussion
Desmond was one of the main cool jazz musicians
Written in 5/4 time, opens with piano, then the tune is played by the
clarinet
ABA form
Two sections of improvisation, first by the clarinet, then the piano
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