Transcript Globalization and Culture

Globalization and Culture
Can these coexist?
http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/fenliang/Teaching/BA107/week3/17
http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/gungoraydinoglu/ECO%203703/downloads/34
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/lega
cy/college/schermerhorn/047120367X/ppt/24
Culture and Cultural
Integration
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What do we mean
by culture?
How has
globalization
contributed to the
formation of
culture?
How is it leading to
the destruction of
culture?
Layers of Culture
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Cultural Tradition such
as beliefs and
language.
Sub-culture – retain
some aspects of
original culture plus
adoption of new culture
Common ancestry
Internationalism and
International Culture?
What is culture?
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cul·ture [kúlchər]
n (plural cul·tures)
1. the arts collectively: art, music, literature,
and related intellectual activities
Culture is necessary for a healthy society. 2.
knowledge and sophistication:
enlightenment and sophistication acquired
through education and exposure to the arts
They are people of culture. 3. shared beliefs
and values of a group: the beliefs, customs,
practices, and social behavior of a particular
nation or people
Southeast Asian culture 4. people with
shared beliefs and practices: a group of
people whose shared beliefs and practices
identify the particular place, class, or time to
which they belong 5. shared attitudes: a
particular set of attitudes that characterizes a
group of people
What is culture?
 Culture is the learned, shared way of
doing things in a particular society.
 Culture helps to define the boundaries
between different groups and affect how
their members relate to one another.
What is culture?
 Popular dimensions of culture include:
– Language.
– Time orientation.
– Use of space.
– Religion.
What is culture?
 Language.
– Perhaps the most visible aspect of culture.
What is culture?
 Time orientation.
– Polychronic cultures.
• Circular view of time.
• Does not create pressure for immediate action or
performance.
• Emphasis on the present.
– Monochronic cultures.
• Linear view of time.
• Creates pressure for action and performance.
• Long-range goals and planning are important.
What is culture?
 Use of space.
– Proxemics.
• The study of how people use space to
communicate.
• Reveals important cultural differences.
– Concept of personal space varies across
cultures.
– Space is arranged differently in different
cultures.
What is culture?
 Religion.
– A major element of culture.
– Can be a very visible aspect of culture.
– Often prescribes specific behavioral practices.
– Influences codes of ethics and moral behavior.
– Influences conduct of economic matters.
What is culture?
 Values and national culture.
– Cultures vary in underlying patterns of values
and attitudes.
– Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture:
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Power distance.
Uncertainty avoidance.
Individualism-collectivism.
Masculinity-femininity.
Long-term/short-term orientation.
What is culture?
 Power distance.
– The willingness of a culture to accept status
and power differences among members.
– Respect for hierarchy and rank in
organizations.
– Example of a high power distance culture —
Indonesia.
– Example of a low power distance culture —
Sweden.
What is culture?
 Individualism-collectivism.
– The cultural tendency to emphasize individual
or group interests.
– Preferences for working individually or in
groups.
– Example of an individualistic culture — United
States.
– Example of a collectivist culture — Mexico.
What is culture?
 Masculinity-femininity.
– The tendency of a culture to value
stereotypical masculine or feminine traits.
– Emphasizes competition/assertiveness versus
interpersonal sensitivity/relationships.
– Example of a masculine culture — Japan.
– Example of a feminine culture — Thailand.
What is culture?
 Long-term/short-term orientation.
– The tendency of a culture to emphasize
future-oriented values versus present-oriented
values.
– Adoption of long-term or short-term
performance horizons.
– Example of a long-term orientation culture —
South Korea.
– Example of a short-term orientation culture —
United States.
What is culture?
 Understanding cultural differences.
– Two problems in international dealings:
parochialism and ethnocentrism.
– Parochialism — assuming that the ways of
one’s own culture are the only ways of doing
things.
– Ethnocentrism — assuming that the ways of
one’s culture are the best ways of doing
things.
Global consumer culture?
• Homogenizing
• Differentiating
• Cultural imperialism
• Plural cultures,
plural consumptions
• luxury goods?
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Westernization
Americanization
Coca-colonization
McDonaldization
• efficiency, predictability,
claculability, &control
World’s Funniest Joke
• Two hunters are out in the woods when one of
them collapses. He doesn't seem to be
breathing and his eyes are glazed. The other
guy takes out his phone and calls the
emergency services.
• He gasps: "My friend is dead! What can I do?"
The operator says: "Calm down, I can help.
First, let's make sure he's dead." There is a
silence, then a gunshot is heard. Back on the
phone, the guy says: "OK, now what?"
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http://archives.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/10/03/joke.funniest/
Globalization and product
disourses
Relation
Scope
HYPERCULTURE: WHERE?
Compatibility
Incompatibility
Global
GLOBAL
EXPATRIATE
Local
CREOLIZATION
NOSTALGIA
Food and Culture
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Why is food fundamental to many
culture?
How did trade in food (and
spices) lead to greater integration
of cultures?
How and why is food a modern
reflection of globalization?
How is food consumption a
reflection of status, society and
change?
Culture and Music Mariachi
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The original theory held that mariachi was derived
from the French word for wedding - mariage,
because of the type of music played at these events.
The only problem with this theory is that the music
originates in a part of Mexico the French never
visited and, even it they had, it began before their
arrival in 1864.
Another theory states that the word comes from the
indigenous name of the Pilla or Cirimo tree, whose
wood is used to make guitars. If this were true then
the word mariachi would be applied to the instrument
itself and not to those who play it.
It has also been suggested that the name comes
from a festival in honor of a virgin known as Maria H.
(mah-ree-ah AH-chay) at which musicians played
and that over time they were given this name.
The truth is that no one knows where the name
originated, but it is one which is associated with a
great deal of prestige not only in Mexico, but around
the world.
Flamenco and Spanish
Culture
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Flamenco is the
traditional song and
dance of the Gypsies
(flamencos) of
Andalusia in southern
Spain. Developing over
several centuries from
Gypsy, Moorish,
Andalusian, and other
roots, flamenco music
and dance entered
polite society in the
early 19th century as
café entertainment.
And the Morris Men of
England!
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The morris or moorish
dance was first brought into
England, as I take it, in
Edward III. time, when John
of Gaunt returned from
Spain, where he had been
... This dance was usually
performed abroad by an
equal number of young
men, who danced in their
shirts with ribbons & little
bells about their legs.
Modern Music Influences
Religion and Culture
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How does religion
shape culture?
Or does culture
shape religion?
How has
globalization
influenced religion?
Globalization/ Culture and
Clothes
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Why are clothes a
reflection of culture/
religion?
How and why are
appearances
becoming
homogenized?
What drives these
changes?
Clothes
The Role of the UN?
The New Global Culture
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Does it exist?
What does it look like?
What does it believe in?
What does it eat?
How does it dress?
How does it communicate?
What are its beliefs/ value
systems?
What are the new global
communities?
“The new imperialism?”
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im·pe·ri·al·ism [im p ree ə
lìzzəm]
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1. belief in empire-building:
the policy of extending the rule
or influence of a country over
other countries or colonies 2.
domination by an empire: the
political, military, or economic
domination of one country over
another 3. takeover and
domination: the extension of
power or authority over others
in the interests of domination
An interesting graph on culture
The Homogenized
Landscape