Transcript Social Cognition

Social Cognition
• The way we attend to, store, remember,
and use information about other people
and the world around us
• First impressions
Groups Influences
Social Facilitation
Social Loafing
Group polarization
Group Think
Attributions
• What is the cause?
– Internal attributions
– External attributions
– Theory of causal attribution
• Consensus
• Consistency
• Distinctiveness
Attributions
• Prone to error
• Taking shortcuts:
– Attributional biases
• Fundamental attribution error
• Self-serving bias
• Actor-Observer Bias
• Belief in a just world
Cognitive Dissonance
• The unpleasant state that occurs when
attitudes don't match behaviors
• Responses
Attitudes and Behavior
• Attitude change
– Persuasion
– Mere exposure effect
– Obstacles to persuasion
Relationships
• Liking
– Repeated contact
– Similarity
– Physical attraction
– Proximity
– Mere exposure
Relationships
• Loving
– Passionate love
– Compassionate love
– Triangular model of love
• Passion
• Intimacy
• Decision/commitment
Social Organization
• Deindividuation
• Norms
• Conformity
– Asch’s Study
• Compliance
• Obedience
– Milgram
• Aggression
• Helping behavior
– Altruism
– Prosocial Behavior
– Bystander Effect
Conformity by Group Size
Follow Up Studies
Later, Asch measured the effect of having at
least one confederate dissent & give the
correct answer
Foot in the Door
• Start with a small request
• Follow up with a large one
% complying
with large
request
Door in the Face
• Start with a large request.
• Follow up with a small one.
% complying
with small
request
Low-Ball
• Make an attractive initial offer
• After getting a commitment, make the
terms less good
Milgram’s Results
Aggression
Correlation in twins:
Bystander Effect
(Data from Darley & Latane, 1968)
Bystander Effect
(Data from Darley & Latane, 1968)
Stereotypes
• Why prejudice?
• Realistic conflict theory
– Robber’s Cave study
• Social learning theory
• Social Cognition theory
• Us vs Them
• Changing prejudice
• Contact Hypothesis
• Recategorization
Realistic Conflict Theory
Scarce Resources
Competition between
groups
Prejudice
Personal Space
Design and Crowding
A stressful dorm design
Design and Crowding
A non-stressful dorm design
Street Design
Crowded feeling neighborhood
Street Design
Open feeling neighborhood