Transcript Social Psychology Outlines

Social Psychology Outlines
Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.
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Attitudes
• Definition: An attitude is a learned
predisposition.
• It involves responding:
– Cognitively
– Affectively
– behaviorally
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Is there an Attitude-Behavior
relationship?
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LaPiere’s (1934) classic study
Corey’s cheating study
Voting Behavior
Rule: the closer the attitude-behavior
relationship, the better the prediction.
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Davidson & Jaccard
• Attitudes towards birth control?
• What attitudes specifically predict our use
of birth control?
– Family planning .11
– Birth control .20
– Birth control pills .50
– You using birth control pills .79
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Attitude Change
• Are attitudes permanent?
– Politicians
– Attitude change or persuasion
• Leon Festinger (1957) Theory of cognitive
dissonance
• Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
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Prejudice & Discrimination
• Prejudice = prejudgment
– Negative attitudes
– Positive attitudes
– Based on limited information
– Three components:
• Cognitive component or stereotype
• Affective component
• Behavioral component
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Discrimination
• Discrimination = behavior
– Often results from prejudice
– People do not always act on their prejudices
– Ingroup versus outgroups
– The role of stereotypes
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Reasons for Prejudice
• Learning
– Parents, friends, teachers
– Exposure
– Direct experiences
– Receive attention / approval
– Economic and political competition
– Displaced aggression
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Social Influence & Attribution
Theory
• We tend to underestimate the influence of
the social situation on the behavior of
other people.
• Fritz Heider (1958) = fundamental
attribution error.
– Underestimate the impact of the social
situation on others.
– We understand the impact on ourselves.
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Definitions
• Situational attribution
• Dispositional attribution
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Groups & Social Influence
• What does it mean to be a member of a
group?
• Lynch mobs & deindividuation
– Example: William Carr
– Zimbardo (1969) deindividuation
– An analysis of lynchings over 47 years
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Uninvolved Bystanders
• Kitty Genovese case
• Psychologists Bibb Latane, John Darley, &
Judith ‘Rodin
• Latane & Darley (1970)
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Working & solving problems in
groups
• Group efforts
• Latane, Williams & Harkins (1979) = social
loafing
• Social facilitation
• Triplett (1898) – social facilitation
• Social impairment
• Zajonc (1965) – presence of others is
arousing
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Obedience
• Conformity – Solomon Asch (1956)
• Why do we conform?
• Extreme positions – Stoner (1961) –
polarization of thinking
• Group Think – Irving Janis (1982)
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