Transcript Media og kommunikation

Media og kommunikation
The Media Book – chapter 1
Theory in Media Research
Media Studies
• A social science that studies the nature and
effects of mass media upon individuals and
society, as well as analysing actual media
content and representations.
• A cross-disciplinary field, media studies uses
techniques and theorists from sociology, cultural
studies, psychology, art theory, information
theory, and economics.
from Wikipedia
Media Studies
• Popular understandings of media studies
encompass:
– media production
– mass communication
– journalism
• Separate strands include:
– Audience Studies
– Television Studies
– Radio Studies
Critical media theory
• Looks at how the corporate ownership of media
production and distribution affects society
• Provides a common ground to social
conservatives (concerned by the effects of
media on the traditional family) and liberals and
socialists (concerned by the corporatization of
social discourse).
• The study of the effects and techniques of
advertising forms a cornerstone of media studies
Contemporary media studies
• includes the analysis of new media, with
emphasis on the:
– internet
– video games
– mobile devices
– interactive television
and other forms of mass media which
developed from the 1990s.
Forces at work in the 1990’es
• Digitization
→ Convergence
→ Industrial concentration
→ Privatization & deregulation
→ Commercialization
→ Globalization
BFI Key Aspects of media studies
Signpost question
Key aspect
Who is communicating and why?
Media Agencies
What type of text is it?
Media Categories
How has it been produced?
Media Technologies
How do we know what it means?
Media Languages
Who receives it, and what sense
do they make of it?
How does it represent its subject
to us?
Media Audiences
Media Representations
Agency
• Agencies: those who produce media text
• Media text:
– Oral, print, still/moving image, computer
generated communications
• Agents: specialist roles/knowledge
– Technical, directive, administrative, creative
• Concernes:
– Effect, profit, distribution, ownership, financing
Category
• Expectations of consumers to different
kinds of media texts
• Genre categories in various media:
– News
– Editorial
– Fashion
– Health
– Mystery/fiction
– Country/western
Technology
• Technologies of any given system of
media and delivery
– Communications technology
• Technologies define significant differences
between media
• At the same time they also can
underdemine these same differences
Languages
• Contexts for the use, experience and decoding
of spoken, written or printed language
• “Socio-linguistics” of media
– Formality/unformality
– Political implications
– Oral mode in printed media
• Post modernist approach
– Implicit/explicit borrowings
– Discourses in society
Audience
• Audience studies
• First concerned with effects of media on
audience
– Beliefs, attitudes, behaviour
– Social class, education, oppucation
• Now more concerned with media use
– Culture, age, gender, social class
Representation
• Media text content
• Representation of the world:
– Portray, reflection, filter, negotiation
• Selection
• Exclusion
• Inclusion
Nine approaches to media
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Mass society, functionalism, pluralism
Media effects
Political economy
The public sphere
Media occupations and professionals
Cultural hegemony
Feminism
Moving image
New audience research
The big 3 - theories
• Effect studies
– Effect of media on audiences
• Cultural studies
– In the context of cultural studies, the idea of a text not
only includes written language, but also films,
photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of
cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts
of culture
• Political economy